Match each chemical reaction or process involving alkanoic acids, esters, fats, or oils on the left with its corresponding chemical outcome or product description on the right.
- Acid-catalyzed esterification of propane-1,2,3-triol with hexadecanoic acidProduces tripalmitin (a saturated triglyceride) along with water molecules
- Alkaline hydrolysis of glyceryl tristearate using excess aqueous sodium hydroxideYields propane-1,2,3-triol and sodium octadecanoate as an irreversible process
- High-pressure catalytic hydrogenation of glyceryl trioleate in the presence of nickelConverts an unsaturated liquid vegetable triacylglycerol into a saturated solid fat
- Acid-catalyzed reflux of ethyl ethanoate with an excess of waterReversibly produces ethanoic acid and ethanol in a state of dynamic equilibrium
Answer
The correct pairings match: (1) Acid-catalyzed esterification of propane-1,2,3-triol with hexadecanoic acid to producing tripalmitin fat and water; (2) Alkaline hydrolysis of glyceryl tristearate with aqueous NaOH to yielding propane-1,2,3-triol and sodium octadecanoate soap; (3) Catalytic hydrogenation of glyceryl trioleate to converting an unsaturated liquid triacylglycerol into a saturated solid fat; and (4) Acid-catalyzed reflux of ethyl ethanoate with water to reversibly producing ethanoic acid and ethanol.
The correct pairings logically connect each organic process to its definitive product or reaction characteristic: esterification of hexadecanoic acid with glycerol yields tripalmitin; saponification of glyceryl tristearate using NaOH irreversibly yields glycerol and sodium octadecanoate soap; catalytic hydrogenation saturates double bonds in glyceryl trioleate turning liquid oil into solid fat; and acid hydrolysis of ethyl ethanoate is a reversible equilibrium yielding ethanoic acid and ethanol.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Reactivity and Interconversion of Alkanoic Acids, Esters, Fats, and Oils