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Difficulty: EasyClimate and Climatic Regions of Nigeria

Match each climatic region of Nigeria on the left with its correct characteristic feature on the right.

  • Sub-Equatorial (Coastal) RegionHigh annual rainfall with two distinct peaks and a short dry spell in August.
  • Tropical Hinterland (Guinea Savanna) RegionModerate annual rainfall between 1,000 mm and 1,500 mm with a single rainfall maximum.
  • Tropical Continental (Sudan Savanna) RegionLow annual rainfall below 1,000 mm with a long dry season dominated by the Harmattan wind.
  • Highland (Montane) RegionCooler temperatures year-round and elevated orographic rainfall due to high altitude.

Answer

Sub-Equatorial Region matches High annual rainfall with two distinct peaks and a short dry spell in August; Tropical Hinterland Region matches Moderate annual rainfall between 1,000 mm and 1,500 mm with a single rainfall maximum; Tropical Continental Region matches Low annual rainfall below 1,000 mm with a long dry season dominated by the Harmattan wind; Highland Region matches Cooler temperatures year-round and elevated orographic rainfall due to high altitude.
Each climatic region in Nigeria has distinct temperature and rainfall patterns dictated by distance from the ocean, air mass movement, and elevation. The Sub-Equatorial region features a double rainfall peak, the Hinterland has a single peak with moderate rainfall, the Continental region has low rainfall with long dry periods, and Highland zones have cooler temperatures owing to altitude.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the coastal climatic characteristics
The Sub-Equatorial zone in the south experiences high humidity and a double rainfall maximum.
Proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and the Maritime Tropical air mass brings prolonged moisture.
2
Identify the central belt climatic characteristics
The Tropical Hinterland zone receives moderate rainfall (1,000–1,500 mm) concentrated in a single wet season.
As Maritime Tropical moisture moves inland, the wet season duration decreases.
3
Identify the far northern climatic characteristics
The Tropical Continental zone has low rainfall and a long dry season.
The dry Continental Tropical air mass dominates northern Nigeria for most of the year.
4
Identify high-altitude microclimatic characteristics
Highland areas feature lower mean temperatures and relief rainfall.
Temperatures drop with altitude according to the environmental lapse rate.

Key Concept

Climatic Regions of Nigeria and their characteristics
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Topics

Climate and Climatic Regions of Nigeria

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