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Difficulty: HardPrinciples of Classification and Binomial Nomenclature

An investigation of four organisms collected during a field survey yielded the following observations and proposed names:

- Organism 1: A multicellular saprophyte with chitinous cell walls, named *rhizopus Stolonifer*.
- Organism 2: A unicellular prokaryote with a peptidoglycan cell wall, named *Escherichia coli*.
- Organism 3: An acellular nucleoprotein entity classified under Kingdom Monera as *tobacco Mosaic Virus*.
- Organism 4: A non-flowering plant possessing true xylem and phloem, classified as a bryophyte named *Funaria hygrometrica*.

Based on the principles of biological classification and binomial nomenclature, which organism is correctly described and has its scientific name properly formatted?

  1. Organism 2Answer
  2. B
    Organism 1
  3. C
    Organism 3
  4. D
    Organism 4

Answer

Organism 2 is correctly described and has its scientific name properly formatted.
Organism 2 is a unicellular prokaryote with a peptidoglycan cell wall, accurately defining a bacterium, and its scientific name *Escherichia coli* is formatted correctly according to Linnaean rules (capitalized genus, lowercase species epithet, italicized).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate the binomial nomenclature formatting for each organism.
Organism 1 (*rhizopus Stolonifer*) fails binomial rules because the genus name must be capitalized and the species epithet must be lowercase. Organism 2 (*Escherichia coli*) adheres strictly to the rule.
Binomial nomenclature requires the genus to start with an uppercase letter and the species epithet with a lowercase letter.
2
Assess the cellular classification of acellular entities.
Organism 3 (a virus) cannot belong to Kingdom Monera.
Viruses are acellular nucleoprotein complexes lacking cytoplasm and cell membranes, excluding them from cellular kingdoms.
3
Analyze anatomical characteristics against kingdom and phylum definitions.
Organism 4 (*Funaria hygrometrica*) is a bryophyte, which inherently lacks vascular tissue (xylem and phloem).
True vascular tissues appear in tracheophytes (pteridophytes and spermatophytes), not bryophytes.
4
Synthesize findings to select the fully valid choice.
Only Organism 2 satisfies both correct biological characterization and standard Linnaean naming rules.
Bacteria belong to Monera, possess peptidoglycan cell walls, and *Escherichia coli* is correctly formatted.

Key Concept

Rules of Binomial Nomenclature and Diagnostic Kingdom Traits
Estimated Time:2m 0s
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Topics

Principles of Classification and Binomial Nomenclature

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