Question

Difficulty: HardCommercial Banks: Functions, Services, and Credit Creation

Match each commercial banking concept, service, or regulatory mechanism listed in Column A with its corresponding operational description in Column B.

  • Derivative DepositA deposit created when a commercial bank advances a loan to a customer by crediting an account opened in the borrower's name rather than disbursing cash.
  • Credit TransferA payment instrument enabling an account holder to settle obligations to multiple creditors simultaneously through a single debit order.
  • Bankers' Clearing HouseAn institutional facility where member commercial banks exchange cheques and net off interbank claims against each other.
  • Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)The statutory minimum percentage of customer deposits that commercial banks must maintain with the central bank, acting as a ceiling on secondary deposit expansion.

Answer

Derivative Deposit matches the creation of credit deposits via loan accounts; Credit Transfer matches settling multiple payees via one debit order; Bankers' Clearing House matches the netting of interbank claims and cheque clearing; Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) matches the mandatory deposit percentage held at the central bank limiting credit expansion.
Derivative Deposit is directly linked to secondary credit creation during loan disbursements. Credit Transfer represents a bulk payment service from a single account debit. Bankers' Clearing House provides interbank cheque clearing and balance settlement. Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) is the official central bank reserve requirement that regulates loan expansion capacity.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the credit creation process mechanism
Derivative deposit is defined as a secondary deposit originating from bank lending operations rather than cash paid in by depositors.
Commercial banks create credit by creating derivative deposits whenever loans are extended.
2
Analyze commercial bank payment and transfer services
Credit transfer allows an individual or firm to send funds directly to several creditors using one payment order.
This differentiates credit transfer from standing orders or direct debits.
3
Examine interbank settlement services
Bankers' Clearing House is the central institution managed by banks to clear cheques and reconcile interbank debts.
Interbank claims are settled by transferring only the net balances owed.
4
Determine monetary policy constraints on commercial banks
Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) is the legal reserve requirement specified by the monetary authority that limits total bank credit expansion.
Higher CRR reduces excess reserves, thereby curtailing derivative deposit creation.

Key Concept

Commercial Bank Functions, Services, and Credit Creation Mechanisms
Rate this question