Question

Difficulty: HardPreparation of Manufacturing Account and Cost of Production

The following details were extracted from the accounting records of Binta Manufacturing Ltd. for the year ended 31 December 2025:

ItemAmount (₦)
Stock of raw materials (1 January 2025)45,000
Stock of raw materials (31 December 2025)38,000
Purchases of raw materials180,000
Carriage inwards on raw materials12,000
Return outwards of raw materials7,000
Direct factory labor paid95,000
Direct factory labor accrued at year-end5,000
Royalties paid on production15,000
Factory power and lighting34,000
Depreciation of factory machinery22,000
Work-in-progress (1 January 2025)28,000
Work-in-progress (31 December 2025)31,000

What is the total Cost of Production for the year?

Answer: 360000

Answer

The total Cost of Production for the year is ₦360,000.
The Cost of Production is correctly determined by summing Prime Cost (₦307,000) and Factory Overheads (₦56,000), giving a gross production cost of ₦363,000, and adjusting for work-in-progress by adding opening WIP (₦28,000) and deducting closing WIP (₦31,000) to arrive at ₦360,000.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate Cost of Raw Materials Consumed
₦192,000
Raw materials consumed equals opening stock of raw materials plus net purchases and carriage inwards, less closing stock of raw materials: 45,000+180,000+12,0007,00038,000=192,00045,000 + 180,000 + 12,000 - 7,000 - 38,000 = 192,000.
2
Calculate Total Direct Labor Cost
₦100,000
Direct labor must include accrued wages incurred during the accounting period: 95,000+5,000=100,00095,000 + 5,000 = 100,000.
3
Determine Prime Cost
₦307,000
Prime Cost is the sum of direct raw materials consumed, direct labor, and direct expenses (royalties): 192,000+100,000+15,000=307,000192,000 + 100,000 + 15,000 = 307,000.
4
Calculate Total Factory Overheads
₦56,000
Factory Overheads include all indirect manufacturing costs (factory power and lighting + machinery depreciation): 34,000+22,000=56,00034,000 + 22,000 = 56,000.
5
Compute Total Manufacturing Operations Cost before Work-in-Progress Adjustments
₦363,000
Add Factory Overheads to Prime Cost: 307,000+56,000=363,000307,000 + 56,000 = 363,000.
6
Adjust for Opening and Closing Work-in-Progress to derive Cost of Production
₦360,000
Add opening work-in-progress and subtract closing work-in-progress from total manufacturing operations cost: 363,000+28,00031,000=360,000363,000 + 28,000 - 31,000 = 360,000.

Key Concept

Manufacturing Account Preparation and Calculation of Cost of Production
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