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Question

Difficulty: MediumActive and Passive Voice Transformation

Which of the following options correctly transforms the active sentence below into the passive voice?

'The chief security officer should have clamped down on the illegal bunkering activities long ago.'

  1. The illegal bunkering activities should have been clamped down on by the chief security officer long ago.Answer
  2. B
    The illegal bunkering activities should have been clamped down by the chief security officer long ago.
  3. C
    The illegal bunkering activities should has been clamped down on by the chief security officer long ago.
  4. D
    The illegal bunkering activities should have being clamped down on by the chief security officer long ago.

Answer

The illegal bunkering activities should have been clamped down on by the chief security officer long ago.
The correct option properly changes the active object ('the illegal bunkering activities') into the passive subject, applies the accurate passive modal perfect structure ('should have been clamped'), retains the phrasal verb particle ('on'), and correctly attributes the agent ('by the chief security officer').

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the active subject, verb phrase, prepositional particle, and direct object.
Subject: 'The chief security officer'; Verb phrase: 'should have clamped'; Particle: 'down on'; Object: 'the illegal bunkering activities'.
Converting an active sentence to passive requires making the active object the passive subject.
2
Shift the direct object to the sentence initial position and convert the modal perfect verb phrase to passive.
'should have clamped' becomes 'should have been clamped'.
The passive form of a modal perfect construction ('modal + have + past participle') is 'modal + have + been + past participle'.
3
Retain the phrasal verb particles and attach the agentive prepositional phrase.
'clamped down on by the chief security officer'.
Phrasal verbs must retain their attached particles ('down on') when converted into the passive voice.

Key Concept

Active to Passive Transformation with Modal Perfects and Phrasal Verbs
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Topics

Active and Passive Voice Transformation

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