Question

Difficulty: MediumTreatment of Owner's Capital, Drawings, and Goods Withdrawn

A sole trader, Folake, extracted a trial balance at the end of the accounting period showing a draft closing capital of ₦1,500,000₦1,500,000. It was subsequently discovered that inventory costing ₦80,000₦80,000 (with a selling price of ₦100,000₦100,000) taken by Folake for private consumption had been completely omitted from the financial statements. What is the correct adjusted closing capital figure?

  1. A
    ₦1,420,000₦1,420,000
  2. B
    ₦1,400,000₦1,400,000
  3. ₦1,500,000₦1,500,000Answer
  4. D
    ₦1,580,000₦1,580,000

Answer

The corrected closing capital figure remains ₦1,500,000₦1,500,000.
Goods withdrawn by the proprietor for personal use must be debited to Drawings and credited to Purchases at cost price (₦80,000₦80,000). Crediting purchases decreases cost of goods sold, raising net profit by ₦80,000₦80,000. When updating closing capital, the ₦80,000₦80,000 increase in net profit is offset exactly by the ₦80,000₦80,000 deduction for drawings. Thus, closing capital remains unchanged at ₦1,500,000₦1,500,000.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the double entry required for omitted goods withdrawn
Debit Drawings Account with ₦80,000₦80,000 (cost price) and Credit Purchases Account with ���80,000���80,000 (cost price).
Goods taken for personal use must be valued at cost price, not selling price, under the business entity concept.
2
Assess the impact of the adjustment on Net Profit
Crediting Purchases reduces the Cost of Goods Sold by ₦80,000₦80,000, which increases Net Profit by ₦80,000₦80,000.
Lower cost of goods sold directly leads to an equivalent increase in net profit in the Trading and Profit & Loss Account.
3
Calculate the net effect on Closing Capital
Change in Capital = +₦80,000 (increase in Net Profit)−₦80,000 (increase in Drawings)=₦0+₦80,000\text{ (increase in Net Profit)} - ₦80,000\text{ (increase in Drawings)} = ₦0.
Closing Capital formula is Opening Capital+Net Profit−Drawings\text{Opening Capital} + \text{Net Profit} - \text{Drawings}. The equal increase in net profit and drawings cancels out entirely.

Key Concept

Dual impact of goods withdrawn on net profit and equity
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