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Question

Difficulty: EasyIndustrial Applications of Separation Methods

Match each industrial separation task on the left with the appropriate physical separation method used in the chemical industry on the right.

  • Removal of magnetic iron impurities from cassiterite (tin ore)Magnetic separation
  • Separation of crude oil into petrol, kerosene, and dieselFractional distillation
  • Recovery of vegetable oil from crushed oil-bearing seeds using hexaneSolvent extraction
  • Obtaining pure sugar crystals from concentrated cane juice solutionFractional crystallization

Answer

Removal of iron impurities from cassiterite matches Magnetic separation; Separation of crude oil into petrol, kerosene, and diesel matches Fractional distillation; Recovery of vegetable oil using hexane matches Solvent extraction; Obtaining pure sugar crystals matches Fractional crystallization.
Each industrial process isolates target substances based on distinct physical properties: magnetic properties allow removal of magnetic iron from non-magnetic tin ore; boiling point differences allow separation of petroleum fractions via fractional distillation; organic solubility allows solvent extraction of vegetable oil; and solubility differences upon cooling allow recovery of pure sugar by fractional crystallization.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the physical properties exploited in each industrial scenario.
Magnetic susceptibility, differences in boiling points, selective solubility in liquid solvents, and temperature-dependent crystallization/solubility.
Industrial separation techniques rely directly on differences in physical properties between components of raw materials or mixtures.
2
Match each industrial scenario to its corresponding separation technique.
Iron impurities in tin ore are removed magnetically; crude oil fractions are separated by boiling point in a fractionating column; vegetable oil is dissolved out of seeds using solvent extraction; sugar is purified by crystallization from solution.
Connecting physical property differences to their correct industrial unit operations.

Key Concept

Industrial applications of physical separation methods based on unique physical properties.
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Topics

Industrial Applications of Separation Methods