Examkin

Question

Difficulty: Very hardEvolutionary Trends and Adaptive Features in Organisms

Match each organism in List I with its corresponding evolutionary adaptive feature and organ system complexity in List II.

  • Dugesia (Flatworm)Protonephridial flame cell system for osmoregulation combined with cutaneous diffusion across an acoelomate body plan lacking a circulatory system.
  • Pheretima (Earthworm)Segmental metanephridia paired with a closed circulatory system containing hemoglobin dissolved in plasma across a true coelom.
  • Periplaneta (Cockroach)Uricotelic excretion via Malpighian tubules coupled with a chitin-lined tracheal system transporting gases directly to tissues.
  • Tilapia (Bony Fish)Two-chambered heart delivering venous blood to filamentous gills in a single-circuit respiratory-circulatory pathway.

Answer

Dugesia matches protonephridial flame cell system with acoelomate diffusion; Pheretima matches segmental metanephridia with closed circulatory system; Periplaneta matches uricotelic Malpighian tubules with tracheal gas transport; Tilapia matches two-chambered heart with single-circuit gill circulation.
Each organism correctly pairs with its characteristic excretory and respiratory/circulatory evolutionary adaptation: Dugesia utilizes flame cell protonephridia without blood vessels; Pheretima utilizes segmental metanephridia and closed blood vessels; Periplaneta utilizes Malpighian tubules with tracheae; and Tilapia utilizes a two-chambered heart powering single-circuit gill respiration.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the structural organization of flatworms (Dugesia).
Dugesia is a triploblastic acoelomate utilizing flame cells for excretory osmoregulation without a specialized cardiovascular system.
Demonstrates the primitive invertebrate condition of cell-to-cell diffusion and protonephridial filtration.
2
Analyze the anatomical advancement of annelids (Pheretima).
Pheretima features true coelomic metamerism, excretory metanephridia, and closed circulation.
Evolution of fluid-filled coelom supporting compartmentalized segmental excretion and vascular transport.
3
Examine terrestrial arthropod adaptations in insects (Periplaneta).
Periplaneta exhibits Malpighian tubule excretion of uric acid and a tracheal direct-gas delivery network.
Adaptation to terrestrial dry environments requiring water conservation and high metabolic gas exchange.
4
Evaluate vertebrate circulatory and respiratory trends in aquatic teleosts (Tilapia).
Tilapia possesses a single-circuit vascular loop driven by a two-chambered heart to filamentous branchial gills.
Vertebrate evolution of myogenic chambered hearts progressing from two-chambered single circulation to double circulation.

Key Concept

Evolutionary progression of respiratory, circulatory, and excretory organ systems across invertebrate and vertebrate lineages
Rate this question

Topics

Evolutionary Trends and Adaptive Features in Organisms

More questions from this topic