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Difficulty: MediumExcretion and Excretory Organs

In a biological survey of invertebrate excretory mechanisms, four organisms (I, II, III, and IV) were observed to possess the following primary excretory organs:

- Organism I: Flame cells (protonephridia)
- Organism II: Nephridia
- Organism III: Malpighian tubules
- Organism IV: Antennal (green) glands

Which of the following correctly identifies organisms I, II, III, and IV respectively?

  1. I: Planarian, II: Earthworm, III: Cockroach, IV: PrawnAnswer
  2. B
    I: Earthworm, II: Planarian, III: Prawn, IV: Cockroach
  3. C
    I: Planarian, II: Cockroach, III: Earthworm, IV: Prawn
  4. D
    I: Cockroach, II: Earthworm, III: Planarian, IV: Prawn

Answer

Organism I is a planarian, Organism II is an earthworm, Organism III is a cockroach, and Organism IV is a prawn.
Flame cells function in flatworms (Planarian), nephridia function in annelids (Earthworm), Malpighian tubules function in insects (Cockroach), and green glands function in crustaceans (Prawn). Therefore, the correct combination lists these four organisms in that specific sequence.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the organism group corresponding to Organism I
Flame cells (protonephridia) are characteristic of flatworms (Platyhelminthes, such as planarians).
Flame cells serve as simple excretory structures that propel waste fluids through cilia.
2
Identify the organism group corresponding to Organism II
Nephridia are characteristic excretory structures of annelids (such as earthworms).
Nephridia filter coelomic fluid and reabsorb essential nutrients in segmented worms.
3
Identify the organism groups corresponding to Organisms III and IV
Malpighian tubules are found in terrestrial arthropods like insects (cockroaches), whereas antennal (green) glands are found in crustaceans (prawns).
Different arthropod subphyla feature specialized structures tailored to terrestrial water conservation or aquatic ion balance.

Key Concept

Comparative anatomy of invertebrate excretory structures across major phyla.
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Excretion and Excretory Organs

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