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Difficulty: MediumHormonal Coordination in Plants and Animals

Match each regulatory hormone listed on the left with its corresponding cellular mechanism or physiological action on the right.

  • MelatoninRegulation of circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles originating from the pineal gland
  • EthylenePromoting fruit ripening through enzymatic breakdown of cell wall components
  • InsulinStimulation of cellular glucose uptake via translocation of glucose transporters
  • GibberellinInitiation of seed germination by inducing hydrolytic enzyme synthesis in the aleurone layer

Answer

Melatonin pairs with regulating circadian rhythms; Ethylene pairs with promoting fruit ripening; Insulin pairs with stimulating cellular glucose uptake; Gibberellin pairs with initiating seed germination by inducing hydrolytic enzyme synthesis.
Each hormone is correctly matched to its specific physiological mechanism: Melatonin manages pineal-mediated circadian rhythms, Ethylene triggers fruit ripening enzymes, Insulin mediates cellular glucose absorption, and Gibberellin induces alpha-amylase synthesis for seed starch digestion.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary physiological function of Melatonin in animals.
Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland to coordinate diurnal rhythms and sleep patterns.
It serves as the main humoral signal synchronizing environmental light-dark cycles with bodily processes.
2
Determine the physiological role of Ethylene in plant physiology.
Ethylene accelerates fruit ripening by upregulating enzymes that break down pectin and cell walls.
It acts as a diffusible hydrocarbon gas regulating senescence and maturation.
3
Analyze the metabolic mechanism of Insulin in human blood glucose regulation.
Insulin lowers circulating blood glucose levels by facilitating transporter-mediated uptake into target tissues.
Beta cells of the pancreatic islets release insulin in response to elevated blood sugar concentrations.
4
Examine the role of Gibberellin during seed germination.
Gibberellin diffuses from the embryo to the aleurone layer to activate alpha-amylase gene transcription.
Imbibition triggers gibberellin synthesis to break seed dormancy and mobilize endosperm energy stores.

Key Concept

Hormonal Coordination in Plants and Animals
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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Hormonal Coordination in Plants and Animals

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