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Question

Difficulty: MediumPopulation Distribution and Density Factors

The East African Highlands support one of the highest rural population densities on the African continent. Which physical factor is primarily responsible for attracting and sustaining this dense settlement despite the rugged terrain?

  1. Highly fertile soils derived from weathered volcanic depositsAnswer
  2. B
    Extensive flat floodplains suitable for large-scale mechanized wheat farming
  3. C
    High annual temperatures that naturally eradicate agricultural pests
  4. D
    Abundant subsurface petroleum deposits driving industrial urbanization

Answer

Highly fertile soils derived from weathered volcanic deposits
Weathered volcanic rocks in the East African Highlands produce exceptionally fertile soils rich in essential minerals, enabling continuous crop production and supporting high rural population densities despite steep slopes.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the main physical characteristics and economic baseline of the East African Highlands
The region features high elevation, steep relief, and an economy centered on intensive smallholder agriculture.
Understanding land use helps distinguish physical environmental factors from industrial or urban drivers.
2
Analyze how volcanic geology impacts agricultural carrying capacity
Weathering of volcanic ash and basalt yields mineral-rich soils that retain high fertility under continuous cultivation.
High agricultural productivity allows small areas of land to feed dense rural populations, overriding slope limitations.

Key Concept

Physical factors influencing population density: Volcanic soil fertility and carrying capacity
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Topics

Population Distribution and Density Factors

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