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Difficulty: EasyIndustrial Chemical Processes and Biotechnology Applications

Match each industrial chemical process or biotechnology application listed on the left with its corresponding catalyst or biological agent on the right.

  • Haber process for ammonia synthesisFinely divided iron (FeFe)
  • Contact process for tetraoxosulfate(VI) acid synthesisVanadium(V) oxide (V2O5V_2O_5)
  • Fermentation of glucose to ethanolZymase enzyme
  • Hydrogenation of vegetable oils to margarineFinely divided nickel (NiNi)

Answer

Haber process matches Finely divided iron (FeFe); Contact process matches Vanadium(V) oxide (V2O5V_2O_5); Fermentation of glucose matches Zymase enzyme; Hydrogenation of vegetable oils matches Finely divided nickel (NiNi).
Each process relies on a specific catalyst or biological agent: the Haber process utilizes finely divided iron, the Contact process uses vanadium(V) oxide, glucose fermentation relies on the biological enzyme zymase, and vegetable oil hydrogenation uses finely divided nickel.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the catalyst used in ammonia production via the Haber process.
Finely divided iron accelerates the reversible reaction between N2N_2 and H2H_2.
Iron lowers the activation energy required to break the strong triple bond in nitrogen.
2
Identify the catalyst in the Contact process stage converting SO2SO_2 to SO3SO_3.
Vanadium(V) oxide (V2O5V_2O_5) is the modern industrial catalyst employed.
V2O5V_2O_5 provides high efficiency and is resistant to catalytic poisoning compared to platinum.
3
Identify the biocatalyst in ethanol fermentation.
Zymase, an enzyme complex produced by yeast cells, catalyzes glucose breakdown.
Fermentation is an anaerobic biotechnological process relying on enzymatic activity.
4
Identify the catalyst used in margarine synthesis.
Finely divided nickel is used during unsaturated oil hydrogenation.
Nickel adsorbs hydrogen gas and unsaturated hydrocarbon chains onto its surface to facilitate addition.

Key Concept

Industrial catalysts and biological enzymes in commercial chemical processes
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Topics

Industrial Chemical Processes and Biotechnology Applications