Question

Difficulty: MediumOutput (Value Added) Method of Measurement

The table below presents the market transactions across three stages in the production of wooden furniture:

Stage of ProductionOutput Value (₦)Cost of Intermediate Inputs (₦)
Logging40,0000
Sawmilling75,00040,000
Furniture Manufacturing130,00075,000

What is the total net contribution of this production chain to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) using the output method?

  1. ₦130,000Answer
  2. B
    ₦245,000
  3. C
    ₦115,000
  4. D
    ₦90,000

Answer

The total net contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is ₦130,000.
Under the output (value added) method of national income accounting, contribution to GDP is determined by summing the value added at each stage of production. Value added is equal to gross output value minus intermediate input costs: Logging adds ₦40,000, Sawmilling adds ₦35,000 (₦75,000 - ₦40,000), and Furniture Manufacturing adds ₦55,000 (₦130,000 - ₦75,000). Total contribution to GDP is ₦40,000 + ₦35,000 + ₦55,000 = ₦130,000, which also corresponds directly to the final sale value of the consumer product.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the value added at each stage of production by subtracting intermediate input costs from output value.
Logging: 40,0000=40,000₦40,000 - ₦0 = ₦40,000; Sawmilling: 75,00040,000=35,000₦75,000 - ₦40,000 = ₦35,000; Furniture Manufacturing: 130,00075,000=55,000₦130,000 - ₦75,000 = ₦55,000.
The output method measures national income by isolating the net value created at each stage of production.
2
Sum the value added across all production stages.
Total Value Added=40,000+35,000+55,000=130,000\text{Total Value Added} = ₦40,000 + ₦35,000 + ₦55,000 = ₦130,000.
Summing net additions to output yields the actual total value of final goods produced without double counting.

Key Concept

Output (Value Added) Method of Measurement
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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