Read the passage below carefully:
Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) has emerged as a cornerstone of ecological restoration across the Sahel, transforming degraded farmland into productive agro-ecosystems. Unlike conventional reforestation projects that rely on expensive nursery-raised saplings, FMNR encourages farmers to systematically protect and nurture native tree stumps and root systems that sprout naturally in their fields. By managing these native species—such as Faidherbia albida—farmers significantly enhance soil fertility, as the trees fix nitrogen and drop nutrient-rich leaf litter during the rainy season. Furthermore, the persistent canopy cover shields fragile topsoil from wind erosion and improves moisture retention during dry spells. Consequently, crop yields for staple grains like millet and sorghum have doubled in participating regions. Ultimately, the rapid adoption of FMNR demonstrates that low-cost, community-led ecological management can effectively reverse desertification while simultaneously securing food sovereignty for smallholder farmers across semi-arid Africa.
Based on the passage above, match each statement on the left with its correct structural role in the passage on the right.
- Low-cost, community-led ecological management can effectively reverse desertification and secure food sovereignty.Central Thesis / Main Idea
- Native tree species fix nitrogen and drop nutrient-rich leaf litter during the rainy season.Supporting Detail (Soil Chemistry & Nutrient Supply)
- Persistent canopy cover shields fragile topsoil from wind erosion and improves moisture retention.Supporting Detail (Microclimate & Physical Protection)
- Harvest yields for staple grains like millet and sorghum doubled in participating regions.Supporting Detail (Empirical Harvest Outcome)