Question

Difficulty: MediumContinuous and Discontinuous Variation

A poultry breeder recorded two phenotypic traits in a flock of domestic chickens: comb shape (single, pea, rose, or walnut) and body weight at maturity. Which of the following statements correctly categorizes these two traits based on their pattern of variation and underlying genetic control?

  1. Comb shape exhibits discontinuous variation controlled by major discrete genes, whereas body weight exhibits continuous variation influenced by polygenes and environmental factors.Answer
  2. B
    Both comb shape and body weight exhibit continuous variation because both traits are influenced by environmental factors such as feed quality.
  3. C
    Comb shape demonstrates continuous variation due to multiple allele interactions, whereas body weight exhibits discontinuous variation due to single-gene inheritance.
  4. D
    Both comb shape and body weight demonstrate discontinuous variation because both traits fall into distinct phenotypic categories without intermediate forms.

Answer

Comb shape exhibits discontinuous variation controlled by major discrete genes, whereas body weight exhibits continuous variation influenced by polygenes and environmental factors.
The option stating that comb shape exhibits discontinuous variation controlled by major discrete genes while body weight exhibits continuous variation influenced by polygenes and environmental factors is correct. Comb shape is a qualitative trait displaying clear-cut, non-overlapping phenotypes (discontinuous variation) under the control of specific gene loci. In contrast, body weight is a quantitative trait exhibiting a smooth gradient of intermediate phenotypes (continuous variation) governed by multiple additive genes (polygenes) interacting with nutrition and environment.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the nature of comb shape phenotype distribution.
Comb shape presents clear, distinct, non-overlapping categories (single, pea, rose, walnut) without intermediate gradations.
Discontinuous variation is characterized by qualitative traits controlled by monogenic or oligogenic inheritance with little to no environmental effect.
2
Analyze the nature of body weight phenotype distribution.
Body weight presents a continuous spectrum of quantitative values that can be measured and plotted on a bell-shaped curve.
Continuous variation is characterized by polygenic inheritance where multiple additive genes interact alongside environmental influences.
3
Synthesize the correct classification.
Comb shape is a discontinuous trait, while body weight is a continuous trait.
This correctly pairs the phenotypic distribution pattern with its underlying genetic mechanism.

Key Concept

Continuous vs Discontinuous Variation and Genetic Control
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