Question

Difficulty: MediumScarcity and Choice

A farmer operating on a fixed piece of farmland can cultivate either yam or cassava according to the following production schedule:

Production OptionYam (bags)Cassava (bags)
P1000
Q7520
R4535
S045

If the farmer changes production from Option Q to Option R, what is the opportunity cost of producing the additional 15 bags of cassava, expressed in bags of yam foregone?

Answer: 30 bags of yam

Answer

The opportunity cost of producing 15 additional bags of cassava when moving from Option Q to Option R is 30 bags of yam foregone.
Moving production from Option Q to Option R increases cassava production by 15 bags (from 20 to 35 bags), but requires reducing yam production from 75 bags to 45 bags. The reduction of 30 bags of yam represents the real cost or opportunity cost of producing the additional cassava.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Find the quantity of yam produced under Option Q.
Yam output at Option Q = 75 bags.
Option Q yields 75 bags of yam and 20 bags of cassava.
2
Find the quantity of yam produced under Option R.
Yam output at Option R = 45 bags.
Option R yields 45 bags of yam and 35 bags of cassava.
3
Subtract the yam output of Option R from Option Q to find the foregone alternative.
75 - 45 = 30 bags of yam.
Opportunity cost measures the quantity of the sacrificed alternative (yam) needed to gain more of another commodity (cassava).

Key Concept

Opportunity Cost in Production Schedules
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