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Difficulty: MediumKingdom Monera: Bacteria and Cyanobacteria

Match each specialized structure or cell modification of organisms in Kingdom Monera on the left with its corresponding biological function or characterization on the right.

  • HeterocystSpecialized thick-walled cell responsible for atmospheric nitrogen fixation under anaerobic conditions
  • AkineteDormant, thick-walled resting cell adapted to survive unfavorable environmental conditions
  • MesosomeInvagination of the prokaryotic plasma membrane involved in cellular respiration and cell division
  • PlasmidSmall extrachromosomal circular DNA molecule capable of autonomous replication

Answer

Heterocyst matches with atmospheric nitrogen fixation under anaerobic conditions; Akinete matches with dormant resting cell adapted to survive unfavorable conditions; Mesosome matches with invagination of plasma membrane involved in respiration and cell division; Plasmid matches with small extrachromosomal circular DNA molecule.
Each specialized cell or structure in Kingdom Monera is correctly matched with its biological role: heterocysts fix atmospheric nitrogen, akinetes serve as dormant survival cells, mesosomes aid respiration and cell division, and plasmids represent extrachromosomal DNA.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary role of heterocysts in filamentous cyanobacteria.
Recognize that heterocysts provide an oxygen-free site for nitrogenase activity during nitrogen fixation.
Cyanobacteria require specialized cells to protect nitrogenase from oxygen produced during photosynthesis.
2
Determine the protective function of akinetes.
Match akinetes with thick-walled resting spores resistant to environmental stress.
Akinetes accumulate food reserves and develop thick walls to survive desiccation or cold temperatures.
3
Analyze the structural nature of mesosomes in bacteria.
Associate mesosomes with plasma membrane folds that aid in respiration and septum creation.
Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound mitochondria, utilizing plasma membrane invaginations for enzymatic metabolic processes.
4
Define plasmids in prokaryotic genetics.
Match plasmids with extrachromosomal circular DNA pieces capable of independent replication.
Plasmids exist separately from the bacterial nucleoid and replicate autonomously.

Key Concept

Cellular structures and specialized functional adaptations in Kingdom Monera (Bacteria and Cyanobacteria)
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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Topics

Kingdom Monera: Bacteria and Cyanobacteria

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