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Question

Difficulty: MediumConsonant Sounds

Below are four English words containing specific consonant spellings. Pair each word on the left with its corresponding International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) consonant sound symbol on the right. Which pairs correctly associate each word with its target consonant sound?

  • archangel (spelling: 'ch')/k/
  • champagne (spelling: 'ch')/ʃ/
  • procedure (spelling: 'd')/dʒ/
  • cough (spelling: 'gh')/f/

Answer

The correct pairings are: 'archangel (spelling: 'ch')' matches /k/, 'champagne (spelling: 'ch')' matches /ʃ/, 'procedure (spelling: 'd')' matches /dʒ/, and 'cough (spelling: 'gh')' matches /f/.
The pairings match the precise phonetic articulation of each highlighted spelling in standard English: 'archangel' uses 'ch' for /k/, 'champagne' uses 'ch' for /ʃ/, 'procedure' uses 'd' for /dʒ/, and 'cough' uses 'gh' for /f/.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the pronunciation of 'archangel'
The word is transcribed as /ˈɑːkˌeɪn.dʒəl/, showing that 'ch' makes the /k/ sound.
Greek-derived words such as 'archangel' often realize 'ch' as /k/ rather than /tʃ/.
2
Analyze the pronunciation of 'champagne'
The word is transcribed as /ʃæmˈpeɪn/, showing that 'ch' makes the /ʃ/ sound.
French loanwords in English typically retain the French /ʃ/ pronunciation for 'ch'.
3
Analyze the pronunciation of 'procedure'
The word is transcribed as /prəˈsiː.dʒər/, showing that 'd' makes the /dʒ/ sound.
When 'd' is followed by an unaccented 'u', palatalization turns the alveolar plosive /d/ into the affricate /dʒ/.
4
Analyze the pronunciation of 'cough'
The word is transcribed as /kɒf/, showing that 'gh' makes the /f/ sound.
In words ending in '-ough' like 'cough' or 'rough', the digraph 'gh' regularly produces the voiceless fricative /f/.

Key Concept

Orthographic Realization of English Consonant Sounds
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Topics

Consonant Sounds

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