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Question

Difficulty: HardVerbs, Tenses, and Aspect

Complete the sentence below by supplying the grammatically correct form of the verb in brackets.

Answer:【Having completed】 (complete) the comprehensive audit of the municipal accounts, the independent examiner presented her report to the tribunal.

Answer

Having completed
The sentence requires a perfect participle ('Having completed') to modify the main clause subject ('the independent examiner') and show that the action of auditing was completed prior to the action of presenting the report.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the sentence structure and relationship between the two events.
The action of completing the audit occurred and was fully finished prior to the main action of presenting the report to the tribunal.
When a non-finite clause describes an action completed before the action in the main clause, the perfect participle form is required.
2
Determine the correct participle aspect for prior completed action.
The perfect participle construction is formed using 'having' + past participle of the main verb ('having completed').
The simple present participle ('Completing') would incorrectly imply that the audit and the presentation happened simultaneously, while a finite verb form ('Had completed' or 'Completed') cannot function as an introductory participle modifier without a conjunction.

Key Concept

Perfect Participle Aspect in Non-Finite Clauses
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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Topics

Verbs, Tenses, and Aspect

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