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Difficulty: EasyEvidence for Evolution: Comparative Anatomy, Embryology, and Vestigial Organs

The flipper of a whale and the wing of a bat possess a similar internal arrangement of bones derived from a common ancestral pentadactyl structure, despite being adapted for different functional roles. Which of the following terms best describes these anatomical features?

  1. Homologous structuresAnswer
  2. B
    Analogous structures
  3. C
    Vestigial structures
  4. D
    Physiological adaptations

Answer

Homologous structures
Homologous structures are anatomical features in different species that share a common fundamental structure and developmental origin because they were inherited from a common ancestor. The pentadactyl limb layout found in whale flippers, bat wings, and human arms is a classic example of homology demonstrating evolutionary divergence.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the anatomical characteristics described in the stem.
The whale flipper and bat wing share a common underlying skeletal plan (pentadactyl limb structure) derived from a common ancestor, but carry out different functions (swimming vs. flying).
Structures with shared evolutionary origin and basic structural framework are classified as homologous.
2
Distinguish between homologous and analogous structures.
Homology indicates divergent evolution from a common ancestor (same origin, different function), whereas analogy indicates convergent evolution (different origin, similar function).
Understanding structural origins clarifies why pentadactyl limbs in mammals are homologous.

Key Concept

Homologous vs Analogous Anatomical Evidence for Evolution
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Topics

Evidence for Evolution: Comparative Anatomy, Embryology, and Vestigial Organs

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