Question

Difficulty: EasyPrice Controls: Ceilings and Floors

Match each price regulation mechanism or outcome on the left with its appropriate economic definition or market result on the right.

  • Effective Price CeilingA maximum legal price set below market equilibrium resulting in a market shortage.
  • Effective Price FloorA minimum legal price set above market equilibrium resulting in a market surplus.
  • Black Market PriceAn unofficial price higher than the maximum price cap paid by consumers under severe shortages.
  • Buffer Stock PurchasesGovernment buying of excess agricultural goods to maintain price supports above market equilibrium.

Answer

Effective Price Ceiling matches with a maximum legal price set below market equilibrium resulting in a market shortage; Effective Price Floor matches with a minimum legal price set above market equilibrium resulting in a market surplus; Black Market Price matches with an unofficial price higher than the maximum price cap paid by consumers under severe shortages; Buffer Stock Purchases matches with government buying of excess agricultural goods to maintain price supports above market equilibrium.
Each price control policy maps directly to its statutory definition and market outcome: effective price ceilings are binding below equilibrium creating shortages, effective price floors are binding above equilibrium creating surpluses, black markets develop due to price cap shortages, and buffer stock schemes clear surpluses created by agricultural price supports.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the placement and consequence of a price ceiling.
Effective Price Ceiling is set below market equilibrium price, causing demand to exceed supply and creating a market shortage.
By definition, price ceilings are designed to protect consumers by enforcing a maximum legal price.
2
Identify the placement and consequence of a price floor.
Effective Price Floor is set above market equilibrium price, causing supply to exceed demand and creating a market surplus.
Price floors are designed to protect producer income by setting a legal minimum price.
3
Determine the economic outcome of illegal market trading under price ceilings.
Black Market Price corresponds to illegal trading above the legal cap due to unmet excess demand.
When shortages occur at legal maximum prices, unsatisfied buyers are willing to pay a higher black market rate.
4
Determine government market intervention to support price floors.
Buffer Stock Purchases match government buy-ups of excess market supply generated by price floors.
Without government buying of excess supply, a price floor cannot be sustained in agricultural markets.

Key Concept

Market equilibrium distortions created by government price controls (ceilings and floors)
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