Question

Difficulty: MediumPreparation of Final Accounts from Incomplete Records

A sole trader who does not maintain complete double-entry records provides the following information for the financial year ended 31 December 2025:

Account DetailsAmount (\text{₦})
Cash paid to suppliers16,80016,800
Opening trade creditors3,0003,000
Closing trade creditors3,7003,700
Discount received from suppliers500500
Opening inventory5,0005,000
Closing inventory7,0007,000

If the business sells goods at a mark-up of 25%25\% on cost, what is the Gross Profit for the year?

  1. A
    ₦3,200
  2. B
    ₦3,750
  3. ₦4,000Answer
  4. D
    ₦5,000

Answer

The Gross Profit for the year is ₦4,000.
To find Gross Profit from incomplete records, total credit purchases must first be determined using the creditors control account: Purchases = Cash Paid (₦16,800) + Discount Received (₦500) + Closing Creditors (₦3,700) - Opening Creditors (₦3,000) = ₦18,000. Next, Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) is computed: COGS = Opening Inventory (₦5,000) + Purchases (₦18,000) - Closing Inventory (₦7,000) = ₦16,000. Finally, applying the 25% mark-up on cost gives Gross Profit = 25% of ₦16,000 = ₦4,000.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate Total Credit Purchases using the Creditors Control Account formula
Total Purchases = ₦16,800 + ��500 + ₦3,700 - ₦3,000 = ₦18,000
Credit purchases are determined by adding cash paid to suppliers, discount received, and closing creditors, then deducting opening creditors.
2
Calculate Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)
COGS = ₦5,000 + ₦18,000 - ₦7,000 = ₦16,000
Cost of goods sold equals opening inventory plus purchases minus closing inventory.
3
Calculate Gross Profit using the mark-up percentage on cost
Gross Profit = 25% × ₦16,000 = ₦4,000
Mark-up is calculated as a percentage of cost of goods sold (25% of ₦16,000).

Key Concept

Calculation of Gross Profit from Incomplete Records via Creditors Control Account and Mark-up
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