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Difficulty: MediumBasic Genetics Terminology and Concepts

In a diploid eukaryotic organism, alternative forms of a single gene (alleles) controlling a specific trait occupy different loci on non-homologous chromosomes.

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Answer

The statement is False. Alleles of a given gene occupy identical loci on homologous chromosomes, rather than different loci on non-homologous chromosomes.
The statement is false because homologous chromosomes carry alleles controlling the exact same character at identical loci. Non-homologous chromosomes contain non-allelic genes governing unrelated traits.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Define the terms allele, locus, and homologous chromosomes.
Alleles are variant forms of a gene. A locus is the specific physical location of a gene on a chromosome. Homologous chromosomes are matching pairs that carry the same genes in the same sequence.
Clear definitions are needed to determine chromosome and locus arrangements.
2
Determine where alleles of the same gene reside in diploid cells.
In diploid cells, one allele is inherited from each parent, placing them at the exact same relative locus on each member of a homologous chromosome pair.
Non-homologous chromosomes carry completely different sets of genes, not alternative alleles of the same gene.
3
Evaluate the validity of the statement.
Since the statement asserts that alleles occupy different loci on non-homologous chromosomes, it contradicts fundamental principles of chromosome structure.
Concluding that the statement is false.

Key Concept

Gene Locus and Homologous Chromosomes
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Topics

Basic Genetics Terminology and Concepts

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