Question

Difficulty: MediumAngles of Elevation, Depression, and Bearings

A ship departs from a port PP and sails 10 km10\text{ km} on a bearing of 060∘060^\circ to reach a position QQ. From QQ, the ship changes course and sails 10 km10\text{ km} on a bearing of 150∘150^\circ to arrive at point RR. What is the bearing of point RR from point PP?

  1. A
    015∘015^\circ
  2. 105∘105^\circAnswer
  3. C
    135∘135^\circ
  4. D
    150∘150^\circ

Answer

The bearing of point RR from point PP is 105∘105^\circ.
The back bearing from position QQ to port PP is 240∘240^\circ. The difference between 240∘240^\circ and the new bearing of 150∘150^\circ yields an interior angle of 90∘90^\circ at vertex QQ. Since both distances PQPQ and QRQR are equal to 10 km10\text{ km}, triangle PQRPQR is a 45∘−45∘−90∘45^\circ-45^\circ-90^\circ isosceles right triangle. Adding ∠QPR=45∘\angle QPR = 45^\circ to the initial bearing of 060∘060^\circ yields a bearing of 105∘105^\circ for point RR from point PP.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the back bearing of PP from QQ.
The back bearing of PP from QQ is 060∘+180∘=240∘060^\circ + 180^\circ = 240^\circ.
To find the internal angle at QQ, we need the direction of PP relative to QQ.
2
Calculate the interior angle ∠PQR\angle PQR.
∠PQR=240∘−150∘=90∘\angle PQR = 240^\circ - 150^\circ = 90^\circ.
The difference between the line back to PP (240∘240^\circ) and the line to RR (150∘150^\circ) forms the interior angle at QQ.
3
Determine the properties of triangle PQRPQR and angle ∠QPR\angle QPR.
Since PQ=QR=10 kmPQ = QR = 10\text{ km} and ∠PQR=90∘\angle PQR = 90^\circ, triangle PQRPQR is an isosceles right triangle, so ∠QPR=45∘\angle QPR = 45^\circ.
The two equal sides subtend equal acute angles in a right-angled triangle: (180∘−90∘)/2=45∘(180^\circ - 90^\circ) / 2 = 45^\circ.
4
Calculate the total bearing of RR from PP.
Bearing of RR from P=060∘+45∘=105∘P = 060^\circ + 45^\circ = 105^\circ.
Point RR lies clockwise relative to the segment PQPQ, so we add ∠QPR\angle QPR to the initial bearing of PQPQ.

Key Concept

Three-point bearing calculations using geometry of parallel lines and right-angled triangles.
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