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Difficulty: MediumAtomic Models

Match each atomic model with its key defining feature or experimental foundation.

  • Thomson ModelPictured electrons embedded uniformly within a continuous sphere of positive charge.
  • Rutherford ModelEstablished a central, dense positive nucleus based on large-angle alpha particle deflection.
  • Bohr ModelIntroduced discrete non-radiating energy levels to explain line spectra of hydrogen.
  • Quantum Wave ModelIncorporated matter waves to explain stable electron orbits as standing wave patterns.

Answer

Thomson Model matches with electrons embedded in a positive sphere; Rutherford Model matches with the dense positive nucleus discovered via alpha particle scattering; Bohr Model matches with quantized non-radiating energy levels; Quantum Wave Model matches with standing matter waves in electron orbits.
Each atomic model corresponds directly to its historic milestone: Thomson proposed electrons scattered inside a uniform sphere of positive charge; Rutherford discovered the compact positive nucleus through alpha scattering experiments; Bohr introduced quantized stationary states to account for emission spectral lines; and the Quantum Wave Model integrated de Broglie matter wave harmonics into orbital mechanics.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify Thomson's Plum Pudding Model features
Describes electrons distributed inside a broad, uniform cloud/sphere of positive charge.
Formulated after J.J. Thomson discovered the electron before the nucleus was known.
2
Identify Rutherford's Nuclear Model features
Demonstrated that positive charge is concentrated in a tiny nucleus because alpha particles bounced back at large angles.
Geiger-Marsden alpha scattering experiment disproved the uniform charge distribution model.
3
Identify Bohr's Model features
Postulated quantized non-radiating stationary orbits where angular momentum is restricted to integral multiples of h/2πh / 2\pi.
Successfully explained the discrete wavelengths of the hydrogen emission spectrum.
4
Identify the Quantum Wave Model features
Explains quantization by treating orbiting electrons as de Broglie standing waves around the nucleus.
Orbits are stable only when an integral number of electron wavelengths fit along the orbital circumference.

Key Concept

Characteristics and experimental foundations of atomic models
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Topics

Atomic Models

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