Question

Difficulty: MediumSurds and Rationalisation

If x+4−x−1=1\sqrt{x + 4} - \sqrt{x - 1} = 1, what is the value of xx?

  1. 55Answer
  2. B
    1717
  3. C
    33
  4. D
    1010

Answer

The value of xx is 55.
Isolating x+4\sqrt{x + 4} gives x+4=1+x−1\sqrt{x + 4} = 1 + \sqrt{x - 1}. Squaring both sides yields x+4=1+2x−1+x−1x + 4 = 1 + 2\sqrt{x - 1} + x - 1, which simplifies to 4=2x−14 = 2\sqrt{x - 1}. Dividing by 2 gives 2=x−12 = \sqrt{x - 1}. Squaring both sides once more gives 4=x−14 = x - 1, which leads to x=5x = 5.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Isolate one of the surd terms on the left side of the equation.
x+4=1+x−1\sqrt{x + 4} = 1 + \sqrt{x - 1}
Rearranging terms prevents dealing with complex cross-products when squaring.
2
Square both sides of the equation.
x+4=1+2x−1+(x−1)x + 4 = 1 + 2\sqrt{x - 1} + (x - 1)
Squaring eliminates the outer radical on the left side.
3
Simplify both sides and isolate the remaining radical term.
4=2x−1  ⟹  2=x−14 = 2\sqrt{x - 1} \implies 2 = \sqrt{x - 1}
Subtracting xx from both sides simplifies the algebraic expression.
4
Square both sides again to solve for xx.
4=x−1  ⟹  x=54 = x - 1 \implies x = 5
Squaring eliminates the remaining radical term.

Key Concept

Solving Surd Equations by Rational Elimination
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