Question

Difficulty: EasyNervous Coordination and Sense Organs

Arrange the following physiological events involved in the perception of smell (olfaction) in a mammal in the correct sequential order from initial stimulus entry to brain perception.

  1. 1Odorant molecules dissolve in the layer of mucus covering the olfactory epithelium.
  2. 2Odorant molecules bind to specialized receptor proteins on the cilia of olfactory sensory neurons.
  3. 3Nerve impulses travel along sensory nerve fibers through the cribriform plate to the olfactory bulb.
  4. 4Nerve impulses travel along the olfactory tract to the olfactory cortex of the brain for interpretation.

Answer

The correct sequential order is: (1) Odorant molecules dissolve in the layer of mucus covering the olfactory epithelium, (2) Odorant molecules bind to specialized receptor proteins on the cilia of olfactory sensory neurons, (3) Nerve impulses travel along sensory nerve fibers through the cribriform plate to the olfactory bulb, and (4) Nerve impulses travel along the olfactory tract to the olfactory cortex of the brain for interpretation.
Olfaction begins when airborne odorants dissolve in nasal mucus. The dissolved chemicals bind to membrane receptors on olfactory cilia, generating nerve impulses. These impulses pass via sensory axons into the olfactory bulb and subsequently along the olfactory tract to the brain's olfactory cortex for processing.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the initial physical interaction of the stimulus
Inhaled odorant molecules dissolve in the fluid layer coating the nasal sensory epithelium.
Chemoreceptors require chemical substances to be in aqueous solution to interact with receptor sites.
2
Determine the signal transduction phase
Dissolved odorants bind to specific protein receptors on the sensory cilia, generating an action potential.
Receptor binding initiates depolarization in the olfactory neuron membrane.
3
Trace the initial neural pathway to the primary relay center
Action potentials pass through the cribriform plate into the olfactory bulb.
Olfactory nerve axons penetrate the ethmoid bone to synapse inside the olfactory bulb.
4
Follow the path to final sensory processing
Relay neurons carry the electrical signals along the olfactory tract to the olfactory cortex.
Conscious olfactory discrimination occurs in the higher brain center.

Key Concept

Olfactory transduction and neural pathway of smell perception.
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