Question

Difficulty: MediumFourth Republic and Democratic Governance from 1999

To enhance democratic accountability, institutional transparency, and fiscal discipline after returning to civilian rule in 1999, Nigeria enacted several policy and anti-corruption reforms. Which sequence correctly places these Fourth Republic institutional reform initiatives in chronological order, from the earliest to the most recent?

  1. 1Establishment of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) to combat financial fraud and money laundering
  2. 2Adoption of the National Gender Policy to promote women's representation in political and public governance
  3. 3Signing of the Freedom of Information (FOI) Act to guarantee public access to government records
  4. 4Full mandatory implementation of the Treasury Single Account (TSA) across all Federal Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs)

Answer

The correct chronological order of the Fourth Republic reform initiatives is: (1) Establishment of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (2002), (2) Adoption of the National Gender Policy (2006), (3) Signing of the Freedom of Information Act (2011), and (4) Full mandatory implementation of the Treasury Single Account across all Federal MDAs (2015).
The correct sequence follows the historical progression of policy and anti-corruption legislation in the Fourth Republic: EFCC creation (2002) → National Gender Policy adoption (2006) → Freedom of Information Act enactment (2011) → Full Treasury Single Account enforcement (2015).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the year of establishment for the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC)
The EFCC Act was enacted in 2002 to fight financial corruption.
This represents one of the earliest specialized anti-corruption agencies created in the Fourth Republic.
2
Identify the adoption date of the National Gender Policy
The National Gender Policy was adopted in 2006.
It expanded affirmative action goals and replaced the earlier 2000 policy framework.
3
Determine when the Freedom of Information (FOI) Act was passed
The FOI bill was signed into law in May 2011.
It was enacted following a decade-long legislative struggle to grant public access to state-held information.
4
Determine the date for full enforcement of the Treasury Single Account (TSA)
Full mandatory enforcement across all federal MDAs occurred in 2015.
A federal directive compelled all MDAs to consolidate revenues into the Central Bank of Nigeria in September 2015.

Key Concept

Chronological evolution of democratic governance, anti-corruption, and administrative reforms in Nigeria's Fourth Republic.
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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