Question

Difficulty: MediumNon-Bank Financial Intermediaries

An individual purchases a long-term annuity policy from an insurance firm and contributes to a pension scheme to fund retirement. Which of the following features fundamentally distinguishes these non-bank financial intermediaries from commercial banking institutions?

  1. They mobilize long-term savings and underwrite risks without operating cheque-clearing systems or creating demand depositsAnswer
  2. B
    They expand the total money supply directly through the commercial deposit credit multiplier process
  3. C
    They serve as lenders of last resort to maintain liquidity across short-term money market institutions
  4. D
    They enforce monetary policy by adjusting mandatory cash reserve ratios for commercial financial institutions

Answer

Non-bank financial intermediaries mobilize long-term savings and underwrite risks without operating cheque-clearing systems or creating demand deposits.
Non-bank financial intermediaries (such as insurance companies, pension funds, and building societies) specialize in mobilizing long-term contractual savings and pooling risk. Unlike commercial banks, they do not accept demand deposits transferable by cheque, nor do they participate directly in the central clearinghouse system to create credit.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the institutions mentioned in the prompt
Insurance firms and pension fund administrators are classified as Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries (NBFIs).
Understanding institutional classification helps isolate their specific functions.
2
Distinguish NBFIs from commercial banks based on monetary capabilities
NBFIs pool contractual and specialized savings (pensions, insurance premiums) for capital investment, but they cannot accept demand deposits or create credit money.
Demand deposit creation and cheque settlement are exclusive rights of commercial banking institutions.

Key Concept

Operational and functional boundaries of Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries (NBFIs)
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