Question

Difficulty: Very hardPartnership: Types, Deed, Rights, and Dissolution

Following the voluntary dissolution of a general commercial partnership firm operating in Nigeria, the appointed liquidator must realize the firm's assets and settle all liabilities pursuant to statutory commercial law (Partnership Act provisions). In what correct statutory sequence must the liquidator prioritize the disbursement of realized funds and asset distribution?

  1. 1Payment of costs, legal fees, and realization expenses incurred during the winding-up process
  2. 2Settlement of debts and liabilities owed to external third-party creditors
  3. 3Rateable repayment of advances and loans extended to the firm by individual partners beyond their agreed capital contributions
  4. 4Refund of original capital contributions made by partners to the business entity
  5. 5Distribution of the remaining surplus assets among partners in accordance with their agreed profit-sharing ratio

Answer

The correct statutory sequence for distributing partnership assets upon dissolution is: First, pay winding-up and realization expenses; Second, discharge external third-party debts; Third, repay partner loans and advances rateably; Fourth, refund partner capital contributions; Fifth, divide any remaining surplus among partners according to their agreed profit-sharing ratio.
Under Section 44 of the statutory Partnership Act governing Nigerian commercial law, upon dissolution, the realized assets of a firm must be applied in a strict priority sequence: realization costs take ultimate priority to fund the liquidation, followed by external liabilities to outside creditors. Internal liabilities are then settled by first repaying partner loans/advances rateably, followed by partner capital refunds. Finally, any remaining residual surplus is shared among partners according to their agreed profit-sharing ratio.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify legal costs and realization expenses
Discharge winding-up and legal expenses first from realized asset proceeds.
Administrative expenses incurred during asset realization must be settled first to preserve the legal integrity of the liquidator's work.
2
Discharge external liabilities
Pay off all trade creditors, bank overdrafts, and third-party liabilities.
Under statutory partnership rules, outside creditors hold absolute priority over internal partner claims.
3
Settle partner loans and advances rateably
Repay funds advanced by partners in excess of their capital contributions.
Partner loans represent debt obligations owed by the firm to partners acting in the capacity of creditors.
4
Return partner capital contributions
Refund capital balances to partners rateably.
Equity capital represents partner ownership rights, which can only be refunded after all debt obligations (external and internal) are cleared.
5
Distribute residual surplus assets
Divide net remaining funds among partners according to their profit-sharing ratio.
Any remaining surplus after satisfying all debt and capital claims constitutes net profit accruing to the partners.

Key Concept

Partnership Dissolution Asset Distribution Hierarchy
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