Question

Difficulty: MediumElectoral Systems and Their Characteristics

In a single-member parliamentary constituency election using the First-Past-The-Post electoral system, a total of 100,000 valid votes were recorded across four candidates as follows:
- Candidate P: 35,000 votes
- Candidate Q: 30,000 votes
- Candidate R: 20,000 votes
- Candidate S: 15,000 votes

Which statement accurately describes the electoral outcome under this system?

  1. Candidate P is declared winner because they obtained the highest number of votes, irrespective of obtaining an absolute majority.Answer
  2. B
    A run-off election must be conducted between Candidate P and Candidate Q because Candidate P failed to score over 50,000 votes.
  3. C
    The election result is declared nullified because the total combined votes of opposition candidates exceed Candidate P's tally.
  4. D
    Candidate P and Candidate Q must share the single seat proportionally based on their vote counts.

Answer

Candidate P is declared winner because they obtained the highest number of votes, irrespective of obtaining an absolute majority.
Under the First-Past-The-Post electoral system (also known as simple plurality), a candidate only needs to receive more votes than any other individual candidate in a single-member constituency. Obtaining an absolute majority (more than 50% of total votes cast) is not required. Candidate P secured 35,000 votes, which is higher than Candidate Q's 30,000, Candidate R's 20,000, and Candidate S's 15,000, making Candidate P the winner.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the vote counts for all candidates in the single-member constituency.
Candidate P has 35,000 votes, Candidate Q has 30,000 votes, Candidate R has 20,000 votes, and Candidate S has 15,000 votes.
Determining individual candidate vote counts allows comparison under electoral system rules.
2
Apply the decision rule for the First-Past-The-Post (plurality) electoral system.
Under First-Past-The-Post, the candidate with the highest number of votes (simple plurality) wins the single seat.
First-Past-The-Post requires only a relative majority over competitors, not an absolute majority (over 50%).
3
Determine the winning candidate.
Candidate P has the highest vote total (35,000 votes) and wins the seat outright.
35,000 is greater than 30,000, 20,000, and 15,000.

Key Concept

First-Past-The-Post (Simple Plurality) System Mechanics
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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