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Difficulty: MediumFundamental and Derived Quantities

Consider the following four physical quantities:
I. Electric current
II. Electric charge
III. Thermodynamic temperature
IV. Heat capacity

Which of the following pairs correctly identifies a fundamental physical quantity followed by a derived physical quantity?

  1. A
    Electric current and Thermodynamic temperature
  2. B
    Electric charge and Heat capacity
  3. Thermodynamic temperature and Heat capacityAnswer
  4. D
    Heat capacity and Electric current

Answer

Thermodynamic temperature and Heat capacity
Thermodynamic temperature is one of the seven base SI fundamental quantities. Heat capacity is a derived quantity defined as thermal energy per temperature change (J/KJ/K). Thus, the pair of Thermodynamic temperature and Heat capacity strictly follows the order of a fundamental quantity followed by a derived quantity.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the fundamental physical quantities among the given list.
Electric current (I) and Thermodynamic temperature (III) are base SI quantities, so they are fundamental.
Fundamental quantities are independent physical quantities that cannot be defined in terms of other quantities.
2
Identify the derived physical quantities among the given list.
Electric charge (II, defined by Q=I⋅tQ = I \cdot t) and Heat capacity (IV, defined by C=QΔTC = \frac{Q}{\Delta T}) are derived quantities.
Derived quantities are defined mathematically from combinations of fundamental physical quantities.
3
Select the option that lists a fundamental quantity followed by a derived quantity.
Thermodynamic temperature (fundamental) and Heat capacity (derived) matches the required order.
Thermodynamic temperature is fundamental, and heat capacity is derived.

Key Concept

Classification of physical quantities into base (fundamental) and derived quantities in the SI system.
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Topics

Fundamental and Derived Quantities

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