Question

Difficulty: Very hardIndefinite Integration of Polynomial and Trigonometric Functions

What is the indefinite integral ∫(6x2−4x2+4sin⁡(2x)cos⁡(2x))dx\int \left( 6x^2 - \frac{4}{x^2} + 4\sin(2x)\cos(2x) \right) dx?

  1. 2x3+4x−12cos⁡(4x)+C2x^3 + \frac{4}{x} - \frac{1}{2}\cos(4x) + CAnswer
  2. B
    2x3+4x−12cos⁡(4x)2x^3 + \frac{4}{x} - \frac{1}{2}\cos(4x)
  3. C
    2x3−4x+12cos⁡(4x)+C2x^3 - \frac{4}{x} + \frac{1}{2}\cos(4x) + C
  4. D
    12x+8x3+8cos⁡(4x)+C12x + \frac{8}{x^3} + 8\cos(4x) + C

Answer

2x3+4x−12cos⁡(4x)+C2x^3 + \frac{4}{x} - \frac{1}{2}\cos(4x) + C
Simplifying 4sin⁡(2x)cos⁡(2x)4\sin(2x)\cos(2x) to 2sin⁡(4x)2\sin(4x) using double-angle identities and integrating 6x2−4x−2+2sin⁡(4x)6x^2 - 4x^{-2} + 2\sin(4x) term-by-term yields 2x3+4x−12cos⁡(4x)+C2x^3 + \frac{4}{x} - \frac{1}{2}\cos(4x) + C.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Use the double-angle trigonometric identity to simplify the product term.
4sin⁡(2x)cos⁡(2x)=2(2sin⁡(2x)cos⁡(2x))=2sin⁡(4x)4\sin(2x)\cos(2x) = 2(2\sin(2x)\cos(2x)) = 2\sin(4x)
Applying the double-angle identity sin⁡(2θ)=2sin⁡θcos⁡θ\sin(2\theta) = 2\sin\theta\cos\theta transforms the product into a standard single sine term.
2
Express the reciprocal power with a negative exponent.
−4x2=−4x−2-\frac{4}{x^2} = -4x^{-2}
Rewriting the fraction in index form allows the power rule of integration to be applied directly.
3
Integrate each component term using standard integration formulas.
∫6x2dx=2x3\int 6x^2 dx = 2x^3, ∫−4x−2dx=−4x−1−1=4x\int -4x^{-2} dx = \frac{-4x^{-1}}{-1} = \frac{4}{x}, and ∫2sin⁡(4x)dx=2(−14cos⁡(4x))=−12cos⁡(4x)\int 2\sin(4x) dx = 2\left(-\frac{1}{4}\cos(4x)\right) = -\frac{1}{2}\cos(4x)
Integrating xnx^n gives xn+1n+1\frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} and integrating sin⁡(ax)\sin(ax) yields −1acos⁡(ax)-\frac{1}{a}\cos(ax).
4
Combine the integrated terms and append the constant of integration.
2x3+4x−12cos⁡(4x)+C2x^3 + \frac{4}{x} - \frac{1}{2}\cos(4x) + C
Indefinite integrals require an arbitrary constant CC to represent the entire family of antiderivatives.

Key Concept

Indefinite Integration of Polynomial and Trigonometric Functions
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