Question

Difficulty: HardTypes and Sources of Business Capital

Match each type or source of business capital listed on the left with its correct defining operational characteristic on the right.

  • Bank OverdraftFlexible short-term credit facility allowing a commercial current account holder to draw funds beyond their balance up to a approved maximum limit.
  • Equipment LeasingMedium to long-term arrangement enabling a firm to use capital assets by paying periodic rental fees without paying full capital purchase costs upfront.
  • Debenture StockLong-term loan capital issued under the company's common seal, bearing a fixed interest rate payable regardless of company profitability.
  • Factoring of DebtsShort-term financial arrangement of selling book debts or trade receivables to a financial institution at a discount for immediate liquid funds.

Answer

Bank Overdraft matches with the short-term facility allowing overdrawing a current account balance; Equipment Leasing matches with using assets via periodic rental charges; Debenture Stock matches with long-term borrowed capital carrying fixed interest; Factoring of Debts matches with selling accounts receivable at a discount for immediate cash.
Each business capital source corresponds to its specific tenure and financial mechanism: Bank Overdraft is a short-term facility for overdrawing current account limits; Equipment Leasing provides asset usage via periodic rental payments; Debenture Stock is long-term corporate debt requiring fixed interest payments under seal; Factoring of Debts converts accounts receivable into instant short-term cash at a discount.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Classify Bank Overdraft
Identified as a short-term bank facility for current account holders to draw beyond zero balance up to a specified limit.
Overdrafts address immediate working capital shortages through bank agreement.
2
Classify Equipment Leasing
Identified as medium-to-long-term asset financing through rental payments.
Leasing preserves capital by spreading equipment cost over time.
3
Classify Debenture Stock
Identified as a long-term loan instrument issued under seal with guaranteed fixed interest.
Debentures represent creditor capital where interest must be paid irrespective of profits.
4
Classify Factoring of Debts
Identified as selling trade credit receivables to a third party at a discount.
Factoring converts outstanding debt invoices into immediate liquid capital.

Key Concept

Classification of Business Capital by Duration, Source, and Legal Characteristics
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