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Difficulty: MediumDeviations of Real Gases from Ideal Gas Behavior

Real gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2\text{CO}_2) exhibit maximum deviation from ideal gas behavior under conditions of high pressure and low temperature because intermolecular attractive forces become significant and the physical volume occupied by gas molecules is no longer negligible.

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Answer

The statement is True. Real gases deviate most significantly from ideal behavior under conditions of high pressure and low temperature.
At low temperatures, gas molecules move slowly enough for intermolecular attractive forces to pull them together, reducing wall collision pressure. At high pressures, gas particles are forced closely together, meaning their individual molecular volumes are no longer negligible compared to the total volume occupied by the gas.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Recall the fundamental assumptions of the kinetic theory for ideal gases.
An ideal gas assumes that gas molecules have negligible volume and experience no intermolecular forces of attraction or repulsion.
These assumptions allow the ideal gas equation (PV=nRTPV = nRT) to accurately predict gas behavior.
2
Analyze how high pressure affects real gas behavior.
High pressure compresses the gas into a smaller volume, making the actual physical volume occupied by the gas molecules a significant fraction of the container volume.
The volume term (VV) in the ideal gas equation must be corrected using the van der Waals volume parameter (bb).
3
Analyze how low temperature affects real gas behavior.
Low temperature decreases the average kinetic energy of gas molecules, allowing intermolecular attractive forces to pull molecules together.
Attractive forces reduce the force of impact against container walls, causing observed pressure to be lower than ideal pressure.

Key Concept

Conditions Causing Real Gas Deviation from Ideality
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Topics

Deviations of Real Gases from Ideal Gas Behavior

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