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Difficulty: EasyLamarck's Theory of Evolution

Which of the following statements best describes the primary mechanism proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck to explain evolutionary change in organisms?

  1. Organs that are used extensively become larger and stronger during an organism's lifetime, and these acquired changes are inherited by its offspring.Answer
  2. B
    Organisms with favorable genetic variations are selected by the environment to survive and reproduce.
  3. C
    Random genetic mutations alter the DNA sequence of germ cells, giving rise to novel traits in a single generation.
  4. D
    Overpopulation causes a struggle for limited environmental resources, leading to the survival of the fittest.

Answer

Lamarck proposed that organs developed or altered during an organism's lifetime through use or disuse are directly transmitted to the next generation.
Lamarck's theory of evolution is founded on the concept that an organism can modify its physical structures through frequent use or disuse in response to environmental demands, and that these acquired somatic modifications are passed to its descendants.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the core postulates of Lamarckism.
Lamarck's theory relies on two main ideas: (1) Use and disuse of organs causes them to strengthen/grow or shrink/atrophy during an individual's lifetime, and (2) Inheritance of acquired characteristics allows these somatic changes to be passed down.
Understanding Lamarck's specific historical model differentiates it from Darwinism and modern genetic theory.
2
Evaluate the option that matches Lamarck's mechanism.
The statement regarding organ growth through extensive use and the inheritance of these somatic modifications directly matches Lamarck's theory.
Lamarck believed environmental need drove somatic changes that were subsequently inherited.

Key Concept

Law of Use and Disuse and Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
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Topics

Lamarck's Theory of Evolution

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