Examkin

All practice questions

631 questions

All types13,931Multiple choice7,139True / False771Numeric1,526Matching2,583Ordering631Fill in the blank1,223Short answer58
Question 181Question →

Place the following operational stages of policy-making during a Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) in their correct sequential order, from initial assembly to final policy execution.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct sequence begins with the formal assembly of leaders, moves to consensus building at the Leaders' Retreat, progresses to the issuance of the official CHOGM Communiqué, and finishes with executive policy execution by the Commonwealth Secretariat.
The Commonwealth of Nations operates through a distinct policy cycle. The Heads of Government first formally assemble. They then engage in confidential discussions at the Leaders' Retreat to achieve consensus. Once consensus is established, an official CHOGM Communiqué is published. Finally, the Commonwealth Secretariat coordinates and executes the agreed programmatic directives.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the initial stage of CHOGM
Formal assembly and opening ceremony of Commonwealth Heads of Government occurs first.
Before decisions or discussions happen, the biennial conference must officially open.
2
Determine the decision-making process
Informal deliberations at the Leaders' Retreat follow the formal opening.
The Commonwealth relies on consensus rather than voting, which is primarily negotiated during the unscripted Leaders' Retreat.
3
Identify the formal output of the summit
Adoption and public issuance of the official CHOGM Communiqué comes third.
The conclusions reached during retreat deliberations are compiled into an official declaration published at the end of the summit.
4
Identify the administrative implementation phase
Executive coordination and policy implementation by the Commonwealth Secretariat is the final step.
The Commonwealth Secretariat is the executive organ responsible for executing the mandates approved by the Heads of Government.

Key Concept

CHOGM Decision-Making Sequence and Secretariat Execution
Question 182Question →

The drafting and adoption of the Macpherson Constitution involved specific key administrative and political milestones between 1948 and 1951. Arrange the following historical milestones in the correct chronological order from earliest to latest.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct chronological order of milestones leading to the Macpherson Constitution is: Assumption of office by Sir John Macpherson as Governor (1948), Formal announcement of nationwide constitutional review (1948), Convening of the Ibadan General Conference (1950), and Promulgation of the Macpherson Constitution (1951).
The historical process began with Sir John Macpherson becoming Governor in 1948, followed immediately by his announcement in the Legislative Council for a wide constitutional review. This led to consultations culminating in the Ibadan General Conference in January 1950, which produced recommendations implemented in the final 1951 constitution.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the initial political change
Sir John Macpherson replaced Sir Arthur Richards as Governor of Nigeria in 1948.
This leadership change set the stage for reviewing the unpopular Richards Constitution.
2
Determine the administrative response to public criticism
Governor Macpherson announced a comprehensive constitutional review process in late 1948.
The administration sought to avoid the previous governor's error of imposing a constitution without popular consultation.
3
Identify the central synthesis conference
The Ibadan General Conference took place in January 1950.
Delegates met at Ibadan to harmonize resolutions from village, district, provincial, and regional levels.
4
Pinpoint the final legislative enactment
The Macpherson Constitution was formally enacted and came into force in 1951.
Following recommendations from the Ibadan Conference and colonial approval, the constitution was officially promulgated.

Key Concept

Pre-promulgation Timeline of the Macpherson Constitution of 1951
Question 183Question →

Arrange the following key historical milestones in the transition from the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) to the African Union (AU) in chronological order from earliest to latest.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct chronological order is: Adoption of the OAU Charter in Addis Ababa (1963), followed by the Sirte Declaration (1999), the adoption of the Constitutive Act of the AU in Lomé (2000), and finally the official launching of the AU at the Durban Summit (2002).
The correct chronological sequence begins with the signing of the OAU Charter in Addis Ababa in 1963. Decades later, leaders issued the Sirte Declaration in 1999 to speed up integration. This was followed by the formal adoption of the Constitutive Act of the African Union in Lomé in 2000, culminating in the official inauguration of the AU at the Durban Summit in 2002.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the foundation date of the OAU.
The OAU Charter was signed on May 25, 1963, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
This established the initial pan-African body.
2
Identify the summit where the decision to create the AU was declared.
The Sirte Declaration was issued on September 9, 1999.
African leaders decided to replace the OAU with a more integrated union.
3
Identify the adoption of the treaty governing the new union.
The Constitutive Act of the African Union was adopted in Lomé, Togo, on July 11, 2000.
This provided the legal instrument for the creation of the African Union.
4
Identify the official inauguration date of the AU.
The African Union was officially launched at the Durban Summit on July 9, 2002.
This marked the formal operation of the AU and disbandment of the OAU.

Key Concept

Historical transition from the OAU to the AU
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 184Question →

In a presidential system of government, an executive-sponsored bill must follow a constitutionally defined process to become active law. Arrange the following stages of the executive law-making process in the correct chronological order from initiation to enforcement:

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct sequence of the executive law-making process is: policy drafting and cabinet approval, followed by legislative consideration and passage, followed by presidential assent, and finally administrative execution and policy enforcement.
The correct sequence respects the separation of powers and legal workflow: policy initiation by the executive (cabinet approval), scrutiny and passage by the legislative organ, formal assent by the chief executive, and execution by the civil service bureaucracy.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the initiation phase of executive legislation.
Policy formulation begins within the executive branch where ministries draft the proposed bill and receive cabinet clearance.
An executive bill originates within government departments before being presented to the legislature.
2
Determine the legislative approval phase.
The executive bill is submitted to the legislature, where it undergoes readings, committee scrutiny, and final passage.
The legislature holds statutory law-making authority and must pass the bill before it can become law.
3
Identify the constitutional enactment phase.
The passed bill is submitted to the President for assent.
In a presidential system, a legislative bill requires executive signature (assent) to become an enforceable law.
4
Identify the final administrative implementation phase.
The signed act is assigned to executive departments and civil service agencies for public implementation.
The primary constitutional function of the executive branch is the administration and enforcement of laws passed by the legislature.

Key Concept

The primary functions and constitutional law-enforcement workflow of the Executive branch.
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 185Question →

Arrange the administrative positions of the pre-colonial Hausa-Fulani political structure in descending order of executive authority, from the highest central official down to the local administrative authority.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct order of authority from highest to lowest in the pre-colonial Hausa-Fulani administrative system is: Emir (Sarkin), followed by Hakimi (District Head), then Dagaci (Village Head), and finally Mai Ungwa (Ward Head).
The Hausa-Fulani pre-colonial executive administration operated a centralized hierarchical chain of command. At the top was the Emir (Sarkin), followed by the Hakimi who governed districts. Each district comprised villages led by a Dagaci, and each village contained wards led by a Mai Ungwa.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the apex executive authority of the emirate.
The Emir (Sarkin) holds central sovereign executive authority at the top of the administrative hierarchy.
The Emir acts as both spiritual and political leader of the emirate under the Sokoto Caliphate structure.
2
Determine the intermediate administrative officer responsible for regional divisions.
The Hakimi (District Head) is placed directly below the Emir.
Emirates were subdivided into districts governed by Hakimis appointed by the Emir.
3
Identify the local administrative official directly supervising villages within a district.
The Dagaci (Village Head) ranks below the Hakimi.
Districts were divided into villages headed by Dagacai who maintained peace and collected taxes locally.
4
Locate the smallest administrative unit authority at the base of the structure.
The Mai Ungwa (Ward Head) occupies the lowest tier of administrative hierarchy.
Villages were broken down into wards overseen by the Mai Ungwa.

Key Concept

Hierarchical administrative structure of the Hausa-Fulani pre-colonial political system.
Question 186Question →

A commercial enterprise wishes to conduct a formal remote business presentation using video teleconferencing technology over the internet. Arrange the following steps in the correct chronological order from initiation to conclusion. Which sequence represents the correct progression of the virtual business communication process?

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct chronological sequence begins with dispatching digital meeting invitations, followed by connecting to the host server and entering the virtual room, proceeding to delivering the live interactive video presentation, and concluding with distributing the recorded session and summary notes.
The standard operational sequence for electronic business teleconferencing starts with issuing invitations and access links, moves to participant login and network connection, advances to conducting the live interactive presentation, and ends with sharing post-meeting recordings and summaries.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the pre-meeting preparation activity.
Dispatching digital meeting invitations with access links.
Business communication must be scheduled and invitation credentials shared before attendees can join.
2
Determine the access and authentication phase.
Connecting to the host server and entering the virtual meeting room.
Attendees utilize the provided links to authenticate and establish real-time network connections.
3
Identify the core communication phase.
Delivering the live interactive video presentation and conducting discussions.
The primary objective of teleconferencing takes place once all participants are logged into the session.
4
Determine the post-meeting follow-up phase.
Distributing the recorded session and summary notes.
Documentation and recordings can only be finalized and dispatched after the live presentation finishes.

Key Concept

Chronological workflow of business teleconferencing and electronic communication
Question 187Question →

In what chronological order should the following steps and figures be derived when preparing a company's Statement of Profit or Loss (Income Statement) in accordance with standard accounting principles?

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct presentation sequence is: 1) Gross Profit calculation, 2) Operating Profit calculation, 3) Profit Before Taxation calculation, 4) Profit After Tax calculation, and 5) Determination of Retained Profit for the year.
The Statement of Profit or Loss follows a standard vertical presentation sequence: Trading section (Turnover minus Cost of Sales gives Gross Profit), followed by the Profit or Loss section (Gross Profit minus Operating Expenses gives Operating Profit), deducting Finance Costs to yield Profit Before Tax, deducting Tax Provision to give Profit After Tax, and finally appropriating dividends and reserves to find Retained Earnings.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate Gross Profit
Gross Profit = Revenue - Cost of Sales
Trading performance is determined first by deducting direct costs from sales revenue.
2
Calculate Operating Profit (EBIT)
Operating Profit = Gross Profit + Other Income - Operating Expenses
Administrative and distribution overheads are deducted from gross profit to get operating profit.
3
Calculate Profit Before Taxation (PBT)
Profit Before Tax = Operating Profit - Finance Costs (Debenture Interest)
Finance expenses are non-operating costs that reduce operating profit to derive pre-tax earnings.
4
Calculate Profit After Tax (PAT)
Profit After Tax = Profit Before Tax - Corporate Income Tax Provision
Tax liabilities are calculated based on pre-tax earnings and deducted to show net income.
5
Calculate Retained Earnings carried forward
Retained Profit = Profit After Tax - Appropriations (Dividends & Reserves Transfers)
Distributions to shareholders and internal reserve allocations are deducted from net profit to obtain retained earnings.

Key Concept

Structure and Preparation Sequence of Company Final Accounts (Statement of Profit or Loss)
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Question 188Question →

Arrange the major internal layers of the Earth in order from the outermost surface to the innermost center.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct order from the surface to the center is: Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core.
Moving from the Earth's exterior inward to its center, one traverses the Crust (outer shell), the Mantle (middle layer), the Outer Core (liquid metallic layer), and finally the Inner Core (solid center).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the outermost layer of the Earth.
The Crust forms the surface layer.
It is the top structural zone of the Earth.
2
Determine the layer immediately beneath the Crust.
The Mantle extends beneath the Crust.
It occupies the region between the crust and core.
3
Order the sub-layers of the core by depth.
The liquid Outer Core comes before the solid Inner Core.
The Outer Core surrounds the central solid Inner Core.

Key Concept

Internal Structure of the Earth
Question 189Question →

Arrange the principal layers of the Earth's atmosphere in order of increasing altitude, starting from the layer closest to the Earth's surface up to the outer boundary.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct atmospheric order from the Earth's surface outward is: Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, and Thermosphere.
Starting from the Earth's surface moving outward, the atmospheric layers are encountered in sequence based on altitude: Troposphere (0–12 km), Stratosphere (12–50 km), Mesosphere (50–85 km), and Thermosphere (85–600 km).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the atmospheric layer touching the Earth's crust
The Troposphere is the lowest atmospheric layer touching the ground.
The Troposphere contains over 75% of atmospheric mass and is adjacent to the surface.
2
Identify the second layer containing the ozone region
The Stratosphere sits immediately above the tropopause.
It extends from ~12 km to 50 km above the surface.
3
Determine the middle layer
The Mesosphere lies between 50 km and 85 km altitude.
It forms the middle layer of the upper atmosphere above the stratopause.
4
Identify the outer high-temperature layer
The Thermosphere extends above 85 km.
It forms the upper structural boundary before merging into the exosphere.

Key Concept

External Structure of the Earth - Stratification of the Atmosphere
Question 190Question →

Geophysical studies reveal that Earth's internal layers are stratified according to their physical properties and chemical compositions. Arrange the following structural layers of the Earth in order of increasing average density, starting from the layer with the lowest density to the layer with the highest density.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct sequence from lowest to highest density is: SIAL (Continental Crust) → SIMA (Oceanic Crust) → Asthenosphere (Upper Mantle) → Lower Mantle (Mesosphere) → Barysphere (Inner Core).
Earth's internal structure is naturally arranged by density due to planetary differentiation. The least dense layer at the surface is the granitic SIAL (2.7 g/cm³), followed by the basaltic SIMA (3.0 g/cm³), the semi-plastic asthenosphere in the upper mantle (3.3–3.5 g/cm³), the solid silicate lower mantle (4.5–5.7 g/cm³), and finally the ultra-dense metallic nickel-iron barysphere (12.0–13.0 g/cm³) at the center.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the chemical composition and density of the outermost continental crust.
SIAL has the lowest density (~2.7 g/cm³) due to lightweight granitic minerals (silica and aluminium).
Continental crust floats highest on the underlying layers.
2
Determine the relative position and density of the oceanic crust beneath or adjacent to SIAL.
SIMA has a higher density (~3.0 g/cm³) than SIAL because of basaltic composition (silica and magnesium).
Basaltic rocks are denser than granitic rocks.
3
Examine the mantle layers situated beneath the crust.
The asthenosphere (upper mantle) has a density of ~3.3–3.5 g/cm³, while the deeper lower mantle (mesosphere) ranges from ~4.5–5.7 g/cm³.
Density increases with depth in the mantle due to increasing pressure and heavy ultrabasic rock compositions.
4
Identify the innermost core layer density.
The barysphere (core) has the maximum density (~12.0–13.0 g/cm³).
Heavy metallic elements (nickel and iron) concentrated at the center under extreme gravitational pressure.

Key Concept

Density Stratification of Earth's Layers
Question 191Question →

Mass wasting processes exhibit varying rates of movement depending on slope gradient, water content, and material composition. Arrange the following mass wasting processes in order of increasing velocity of downslope movement, from the slowest process to the fastest process.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct sequence of mass wasting processes from slowest to fastest velocity is Soil creep, Solifluction, Mudflow, and Rockfall.
The correct order follows the established mass wasting velocity continuum: Soil creep (imperceptible, slowest), Solifluction (slow saturated flow), Mudflow (rapid channel flow), and Rockfall (instantaneous free-fall, fastest).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the rate of movement for Soil creep
Soil creep moves imperceptibly slowly (millimeters to centimeters per year) driven by freeze-thaw and wet-dry soil expansion cycles.
It represents the lowest velocity tier of mass movement.
2
Evaluate Solifluction velocity relative to creep
Solifluction involves saturated soil lobes sliding over permafrost or impermeable clay, moving slightly faster than soil creep (centimeters to meters per year).
Water saturation reduces friction beyond particle-by-particle creep.
3
Determine the speed of channelized Mudflows
Mudflows occur rapidly down drainage channels when volcanic ash or fine sediment becomes heavily liquefied, moving up to several kilometers per hour.
Liquid-dominated flow mechanisms allow rapid kinetic displacement.
4
Identify the speed of free-falling Rockfalls
Rockfall involves unimpeded atmospheric free-fall of rock masses down steep cliffs, attaining terminal velocity governed by gravitational acceleration.
Direct gravitational collapse yields the maximum possible mass wasting speed.

Key Concept

Mass wasting classification based on movement velocity and moisture content
Question 192Question →

Arrange the following stages in the formation of an oxbow lake in the correct sequential order from first to last.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct sequence of oxbow lake formation begins with the river forming a pronounced meander loop, followed by continuous erosion and deposition narrowing the neck. The river then cuts straight through the neck during a flood, and finally deposition seals off the abandoned loop to form an oxbow lake.
The correct order follows the progressive geomorphic stages of oxbow lake development: initial meander development with a narrow neck, neck narrowing through lateral erosion and deposition, sudden neck cut-off during a flood event, and final isolation of the crescent lake by alluvial deposition at the entrance and exit of the abandoned loop.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the initial channel shape
Establish that a meander loop with a narrow neck must exist prior to cut-off.
An oxbow lake can only form from a pre-existing river meander loop in its middle or lower course.
2
Trace the process of meander neck narrowing
Recognize that lateral erosion on hydraulic cut-banks and deposition on slip-off slopes narrow the neck.
Helicoidal flow concentrates energy on the outer banks, bringing the neck ends closer together over time.
3
Identify the breach event
Determine that flood conditions cause the river to cut directly through the neck.
High discharge provides sufficient hydraulic force to carve a new, straight channel along the path of maximum gradient.
4
Conclude with channel abandonment and isolation
Note that alluvium deposition blocks the old meander entrances.
Slower water current at the cut-off entry and exit points encourages deposition, leaving behind a cutoff lake.

Key Concept

Fluvial meander evolution and cut-off mechanisms leading to oxbow lake formation
Question 193Question →

A sole trader who maintains incomplete records wants to convert the system to double-entry bookkeeping in order to prepare the final accounts at the end of the financial year. Arrange the following steps in the correct procedural sequence required to complete this conversion.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct procedural order is: (1) Prepare the opening Statement of Affairs to determine opening capital, (2) Summarize cash and bank transactions, (3) Construct control accounts for total sales and purchases, (4) Extract a Trial Balance to confirm double-entry accuracy, and (5) Draft the Trading, Profit & Loss Account and Balance Sheet.
Converting single-entry records into full double-entry final accounts requires a strict logical sequence: first, compute opening capital by drawing up an opening Statement of Affairs. Second, summarize cash/bank receipts and payments to trace missing transactions. Third, build Sales and Purchases Ledger Control Accounts to determine total sales and purchases. Fourth, post all double entries and extract a Trial Balance to verify debit-credit agreement. Finally, compile the Trading, Profit & Loss Account and Balance Sheet.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine Opening Capital
Opening Capital = Total Opening Assets − Total Opening Liabilities via the Statement of Affairs.
Without opening capital, the opening ledger accounts cannot be opened under the double-entry framework.
2
Analyze Cash and Bank Records
Cash and bank receipts and payments are analyzed to identify revenue, capital, expense, and drawing transactions.
Cash flow summaries provide essential postings for ledger accounts and control accounts.
3
Calculate Missing Sales and Purchases Figures
Reconstruct Debtors and Creditors Control Accounts to determine total sales and total purchases.
Trading Account requires total turnover (cash sales + credit sales) and total purchases (cash purchases + credit purchases).
4
Post Double Entries and Extract Trial Balance
All ledger balances are summarized in a double-entry Trial Balance.
Arithmetic accuracy of debit and credit balances must be established before proceeding to financial statements.
5
Prepare Financial Statements
Complete Trading, Profit and Loss Account and Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet).
This represents the final synthesis of business performance and financial position for the accounting period.

Key Concept

Conversion of Incomplete Records to Double Entry System
Question 194Question →

Arrange the following stages of river capture (stream piracy) in their correct chronological sequence from the initial headward erosion to the final landform development.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct sequence begins with headward erosion toward the watershed divide, followed by breaching the divide to intercept the weaker stream, the diversion of flow creating an elbow of capture, and finally the formation of a wind gap and misfit stream downstream.
River capture begins when a stream with higher energy or a steeper gradient erodes headward into a watershed divide. Once the divide is breached, the stream intercepts the headwaters of a neighbouring channel. The diverted water creates a sharp bend known as an elbow of capture, while the dry valley below the point of capture becomes a wind gap containing a reduced misfit stream.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the initial process causing river capture
Headward erosion by the pirate stream with greater erosive power cuts back into the watershed divide.
Unequal gradient or rock resistance causes one stream to extend its valley headward faster than adjacent streams.
2
Determine the moment of interception
The pirate stream cuts through the divide and breaches the upper channel of the adjacent stream.
The divide is eliminated at the lowest col, enabling physical connection between the two drainage systems.
3
Analyze the immediate hydrological redirection
Water from the captured stream flows into the capturing river, forming a sharp right-angled turn called the elbow of capture.
The higher gradient of the pirate stream draws water into its steeper channel.
4
Establish the resulting morphological landforms downstream
The abandoned lower channel retains a wind gap and a misfit stream.
The loss of headwater discharge leaves the former channel oversized relative to its remaining reduced discharge.

Key Concept

River Capture (Stream Piracy) and Drainage Evolution
Question 195Question →

A rocky headland exposed to persistent marine wave action undergoes sequential destructive geomorphic processes over time. Arrange the following coastal features in the correct chronological order of their evolution, starting from the earliest stage of headland erosion to the final remnant landform.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct sequence of coastal landform evolution is: (1) Hydraulic action and wave abrasion enlarge sea-level joints into a wave-cut notch and cave, (2) Continuous wave erosion pierces completely through the headland, forming a sea arch, (3) Subaerial weathering and gravity cause the unsupported roof of the arch to collapse, (4) An isolated, vertical column of resistant rock remains standing as a sea stack, and (5) Basal wave undercutting weakens the vertical pillar, causing it to collapse into a sea stump.
Coastal headland degradation follows a strict geomorphic sequence driven by wave action and weathering. Initially, marine processes (hydraulic action and abrasion) enlarge lines of weakness into a cave. As erosion cuts through the headland, an open arch is created. Subaerial weathering then weakens the arch roof until it collapses under gravity, leaving an isolated pillar called a stack. Persistent wave undercutting at the base eventually causes the stack to fall, leaving behind a low-lying stump.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the initial marine erosional process acting on a pristine cliff face.
Formation of a wave-cut notch and sea cave.
High-energy waves exploit geological joints and lines of weakness near the waterline.
2
Determine the structural change as wave penetration deepens through the headland.
Formation of a sea arch.
Erosion completely perforates the headland, connecting opposite sides under a rock bridge.
3
Identify the subaerial process destabilizing the overarching rock mass.
Collapse of the sea arch roof.
Freeze-thaw, salt weathering, and gravity weaken the unsupported arch roof until it falls.
4
Identify the coastal landform isolated from the mainland cliff after roof collapse.
Formation of a sea stack.
The isolated seaward column remains standing as a free pillar.
5
Determine the final remnant feature resulting from continued wave attack at the base of the pillar.
Reduction to a sea stump.
Under-cutting of the stack base causes top-heavy collapse, leaving only a low-lying rock stump.

Key Concept

Sequential Headland Erosion and Coastal Geomorphology
Question 196Question →

Arrange the following stages of production and distribution for a weight-losing manufacturing industry (such as sugar refining) in their correct logical spatial sequence, starting from the raw material origin to final market consumption:

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct logical sequence is: 1) Harvesting heavy sugarcane at plantations, 2) Crushing and refining sugarcane at a factory adjacent to plantations to eliminate waste, 3) Transporting processed reduced-weight sugar in bulk to regional commercial centers, and 4) Distributing packaged sugar to local retail outlets for final sale.
According to Alfred Weber's Least Cost Theory, weight-losing industries prioritize plant placement close to raw material inputs. The spatial sequence strictly follows raw material harvesting, immediate weight-reducing processing near the source, bulk transit of concentrated goods, and final retail delivery at the consumer market.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the raw material extraction point.
Harvesting sugarcane occurs first at the agricultural plantation source.
Production begins at the location of the raw input.
2
Apply Alfred Weber's weight-losing industrial location rule.
Primary processing takes place immediately near the farm source to shed bulk and weight (bagasse waste).
Locating weight-losing factories near raw material sources minimizes freight costs.
3
Trace the movement of the finished or semi-finished product.
Refined sugar is transported in bulk to major market centers.
Transporting the lighter, concentrated product incurs far lower freight costs than shipping unrefined sugarcane.
4
Complete the chain at the end consumer level.
Packaged sugar is distributed to retail stores in urban centers.
Final retail sales finalize the spatial supply chain at the market.

Key Concept

Spatial location sequence of weight-losing (raw-material-oriented) manufacturing industries according to Weber's Theory.
Estimated Time:45s
Question 197Question →

Arrange the following sequential stages in the integrated manufacturing of structural steel at the Ajaokuta Iron and Steel Complex in Nigeria, starting from raw material preparation to the output of finished industrial goods.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct operational sequence begins with the beneficiation of raw iron ore at Itakpe, followed by sinter and coke blend preparation, blast furnace reduction to produce molten pig iron, converter decarburization to refine liquid steel, and finally continuous casting and hot rolling into structural steel products.
The manufacturing process of integrated steel production at Ajaokuta follows a strict chemical and physical progression: Upstream raw material upgrading (iron ore beneficiation at Itakpe) -> Feed agglomeration and fuel preparation (sintering and coke baking) -> Primary chemical reduction (blast furnace smelting of pig iron) -> Secondary metallurgical refining (decarburization in the basic oxygen converter) -> Physical shaping (continuous casting and hot-rolling into finished structural sections).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary raw material extraction and concentration phase.
Raw iron ore from Itakpe requires beneficiation first to achieve the required purity for blast furnace smelting.
Unrefined ore contains silica gangue that reduces furnace thermal efficiency if not removed upstream.
2
Determine the burden preparation process.
Concentrated ore is sintered and paired with metallurgical coke derived from coking coal.
Blast furnaces require porous sinter and strong coke to allow gas permeability and thermal reduction.
3
Sequence the primary smelting operation.
The burden is fed into the blast furnace to yield molten pig iron.
Blast furnace reduction converts iron oxides into high-carbon liquid iron.
4
Identify the steel refining stage.
Molten pig iron is transferred to the basic oxygen furnace for decarburization.
Pig iron is too brittle for structural use due to high carbon content (>4%>4\%), requiring oxygen blowing to reduce carbon levels to steel specifications.
5
Establish the final milling and forming stage.
Refined liquid steel is cast into billets and rolled into merchant bars and wire rods.
Mechanical deformation in rolling mills imparts final structural strength and dimensions to the commercial steel products.

Key Concept

Sequential processing stages of integrated heavy industry in Nigeria (Ajaokuta Steel Complex)
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Question 198Question →

Arrange the following sequential stages of timber extraction and transport in the equatorial rainforests of Central and West Africa in the correct chronological order from first to last:

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct chronological order begins with locating and marking mature commercial hardwood trees, followed by felling the selected trees, then hauling or skidding the heavy logs to riverbanks or roadsides, and finally floating or trucking the logs to coastal sawmills and export ports.
Lumbering in African rainforests follows a clear chronological workflow: locating scattered hardwood trees, felling them, dragging/skidding the logs to collection points, and finally transporting them via river or truck to coastal mills and ports.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the initial field activity required before harvesting.
Locating and marking mature commercial hardwood trees.
Because commercial timber species in African tropical rainforests grow far apart from one another, prospectors must locate suitable trees first.
2
Determine the extraction step following tree selection.
Felling the selected trees and removing surrounding branches.
Once a tree is identified and marked, lumbermen fell it and prepare the trunk into manageable log sections.
3
Identify the local transport step inside the forest.
Hauling or skidding the heavy logs through forest tracks to riverbanks or roadsides.
Logs must be moved out of the dense forest interior to an accessible collection point.
4
Determine the final transport step to industrial destinations.
Floating or trucking the logs to coastal sawmills and export ports.
Waterways and heavy timber trucks carry the logs downstream or overland to coastal sawmills and shipping ports.

Key Concept

Sequential stages of timber extraction and transport in African equatorial forests
Estimated Time:45s
Question 199Question →

Arrange the sequential stages involved in the process of frost shattering (freeze-thaw weathering) in chronological order, starting from the initial entry of moisture to the final disintegration of the rock face.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct sequence begins with liquid water percolating into rock joints during warmer temperatures, followed by water freezing and expanding by about 9%9\% as temperatures fall below 0∘C0^\circ\text{C}. This frost wedging progressively widens rock fractures over repeated freeze-thaw cycles, eventually causing angular rock fragments to dislodge and form scree slopes at the base of the rock face.
The process of frost shattering follows a clear mechanical progression: liquid water must first occupy pre-existing fractures in the rock face; sub-zero temperatures then cause the trapped water to freeze and expand by roughly 9%9\%, creating intense lateral pressure; recurrent freeze-thaw cycles continuously strain and widen these micro-fractures; and ultimately, angular fragments detach from the parent cliff and accumulate downslope as scree deposits.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the initial moisture entry requirement.
Water must first collect inside pre-existing rock joints and fissures.
Physical freeze-thaw weathering cannot take place without trapped liquid water inside open rock spaces.
2
Determine the physical change triggered by freezing conditions.
Water turns to ice below 0∘C0^\circ\text{C} and expands by 9%9\%.
The anomalous expansion of freezing water exerts immense outward pressure on fracture walls.
3
Trace the structural deterioration over time.
Repeated thermal cycling widens and extends internal fractures.
Continuous pressure fluctuations weaken the cohesive strength of the rock along lines of weakness.
4
Establish the end product of the weathering process.
Angular rock fragments break free and accumulate as talus or scree at the mountain base.
Complete mechanical failure occurs when fractures sever the fragment from the main outcrop.

Key Concept

Mechanism and Stages of Frost Shattering (Freeze-Thaw Weathering)
Estimated Time:1m 15s
Question 200Question →

Arrange the following steps involved in completing an electronic funds transfer via mobile banking in the correct sequential order from transaction initiation to final settlement:

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct sequence begins with entering transfer details, followed by PIN authorization, originating bank debit and interbank switch routing, and ends with beneficiary account crediting and confirmation.
The electronic fund transfer workflow logically begins with entering transaction parameters, followed by user authentication via secret PIN, then originating bank debiting with interbank switch routing, and finishes with beneficiary account crediting and confirmation generation.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify transaction initiation stage
Capturing transfer parameters on the banking application.
A transaction must be defined before security credentials can be applied to authorize it.
2
Identify security authorization stage
Entering PIN or biometric validation.
Authentication verifies customer identity and authorizes the banking system to execute the specified payment request.
3
Identify origin bank processing and routing stage
Account debiting and interbank payload transmission.
The originating bank must confirm solvency and reserve/debit funds locally before clearing through the central switch system (e.g., NIBSS).
4
Identify destination settlement stage
Crediting recipient account and issuing confirmation status.
Final settlement occurs when funds are successfully posted to the destination account and receipt notifications are issued.

Key Concept

Electronic Funds Transfer Process and Interbank Settlement Workflow
PreviousPage 10 / 32Next
All practice questions — JAMB UTME | Examkin