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Question 2581Question →

Match each meteorological instrument on the left with its corresponding physical operational principle on the right.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Six's thermometer matches with liquid differential expansion driving steel indexes; Wet-and-dry bulb psychrometer matches with evaporative cooling temperature depression; Aneroid barometer matches with flexure of an evacuated metallic cell under air pressure; Campbell-Stokes recorder matches with solar ray focal concentration burning a calibrated card.

Each weather recording instrument operates on a distinct physical property: Six's thermometer uses differential fluid expansion to record maximum/minimum temperatures, the psychrometer uses evaporative cooling depression to compute relative humidity, the aneroid barometer relies on non-liquid capsule flexing under atmospheric weight, and the Campbell-Stokes recorder uses optics to focus direct sunlight and scorch duration marks on paper.

Step-by-Step Solution

Analyze the functional mechanism of temperature extreme measurement

Identify Six's thermometer as utilizing alcohol and mercury expansion to move steel indicators to peak high and low values.

Extreme temperature recording requires dual fluids and physical position markers.

Analyze the operational principle for atmospheric humidity assessment

Identify the psychrometer as measuring moisture content via wet-bulb depression caused by evaporation.

Lower atmospheric humidity increases evaporation rates, producing a larger temperature difference between wet and dry bulbs.

Analyze pressure and sunshine duration mechanisms

Link the aneroid barometer to metallic capsule deformation under air mass weight, and the Campbell-Stokes recorder to glass sphere lens focusing of solar radiation.

Barometers rely on atmospheric weight changes on enclosed cell surfaces, whereas sunshine recorders rely on thermal scorching by concentrated light rays.

Key Concept

Meteorological Instrument Operational Mechanisms

Estimated Time:1m 30s

Question 2582Question →

Match each length measuring instrument on the left with its appropriate application and precision on the right.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

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Answer

Metre rule pairs with measuring laboratory desk height (precision

1\text{ mm}

); Vernier caliper pairs with measuring internal tube diameter (precision

0.1\text{ mm}

); Micrometer screw gauge pairs with measuring glass cover slip thickness (precision

0.01\text{ mm}

); Measuring tape pairs with measuring distances over several metres.

Each instrument is correctly matched to its standard precision and intended application: the metre rule measures moderate lengths to within

1\text{ mm}

; the Vernier caliper measures internal and external dimensions to within

0.1\text{ mm}

; the micrometer screw gauge measures small thicknesses to within

0.01\text{ mm}

; and the measuring tape measures long or curved distances.

Step-by-Step Solution

Determine the least count (precision) and functional design of each measuring instrument.

Metre rule has a least count of

1\text{ mm}

; Vernier caliper has a least count of

0.1\text{ mm}

(

0.01\text{ cm}

) and possesses internal jaws; Micrometer screw gauge has a least count of

0.01\text{ mm}

; Measuring tape is flexible and suitable for long distances.

Each instrument is engineered for a specific range of dimensions and required degree of precision.

Match each instrument to the scenario requiring its specific precision and physical capability.

Metre rule matches desk height; Vernier caliper matches internal tube diameter; Micrometer screw gauge matches thin glass sheet thickness; Measuring tape matches large room dimensions.

Selecting the proper instrument minimizes measurement uncertainty and matches physical constraints.

Key Concept

Instrument selection based on least count, precision requirements, and physical geometry

Question 2583Question →

Match each physical quantity or measuring instrument related to mass and weight in Column A with its corresponding physical property or operational principle in Column B.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

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Answer

Beam balance matches with comparing gravitational forces using the principle of moments; Spring balance matches with measuring gravitational pull directly based on Hooke's law; Mass matches with an intrinsic scalar quantity measured in kilograms; Weight matches with a downward vector quantity measured in newtons.

Beam balances measure mass via the principle of moments independently of gravitational variation. Spring balances measure weight force using spring extension under Hooke's law. Mass is a constant scalar quantity measured in kilograms, while weight is a variable vector force measured in newtons.

Step-by-Step Solution

Identify the working principles of mass and weight measuring instruments.

The beam balance uses equal arms to balance moments (

m_1 g L = m_2 g L

), canceling

g

, so it measures invariant mass. The spring balance measures the force pulling a spring (

F = kx = mg

), depending directly on local

g

Instrument operation dictates whether mass or weight is measured.

Distinguish between the physical properties of mass and weight.

Mass is a scalar measure of quantity of matter (SI unit:

\text{kg}

) and is constant. Weight is the gravitational force acting on mass (SI unit:

\text{N}

) and is a vector quantity.

Fundamental physical definitions set the units and vector/scalar characteristics of mass versus weight.

Key Concept

Operating principles of balances and fundamental properties distinguishing mass from weight.

Estimated Time:1m 0s

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