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Question 13161Question →

Match each core insurance principle on the left with its corresponding legal definition or operational rule on the right.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Uberrimae Fidei matches the duty of utmost disclosure of material facts; Insurable Interest matches legal financial standing in the subject matter; Subrogation matches assuming third-party recovery rights post-settlement; Proximate Cause matches the active dominant cause setting off the chain of loss.

Each insurance principle is correctly paired with its definitive legal standard: Uberrimae Fidei insists on full disclosure of material facts; Insurable Interest requires a recognized financial stake in the property or life insured; Subrogation transfers legal claim rights against third parties to the insurer after indemnity; and Proximate Cause determines the direct operational cause of a claimable loss.

Step-by-Step Solution

Identify the meaning of Uberrimae Fidei.

It represents 'utmost good faith', requiring full disclosure of all material facts.

Matching to the rule describing full disclosure before contract completion.

Identify the requirement of Insurable Interest.

The insured must suffer financial prejudice if the property or life is damaged/lost.

Matching to the statement describing legal financial relationship to the subject matter.

Identify the function of Subrogation.

The insurer steps into the insured's legal standing against responsible third parties.

Matching to the right of pursuit against liable third parties following full indemnity.

Identify the doctrine of Proximate Cause (Causa Proxima).

It evaluates the dominant cause that led directly to the loss.

Matching to the definition of the active continuous cause bringing about the event.

Key Concept

Fundamental Principles of Insurance

Question 13162Question →

The table below shows the input requirement in labor hours needed to produce one unit of Coffee and one unit of Electronics in Country X and Country Y:

Country	Coffee (labor hours)	Electronics (labor hours)
Country X	10	5
Country Y	12	8

Based on David Ricardo's Theory of Comparative Advantage, what is the opportunity cost of producing one unit of Coffee in Country X, and which country possesses the comparative advantage in Coffee production?

2

units of Electronics; Country Y has a comparative advantage in Coffee.

2

units of Electronics; Country X has a comparative advantage in Coffee.

0.5

units of Electronics; Country X has a comparative advantage in Coffee.

10

labor hours; Country X has a comparative advantage in Coffee.

Show answer & explanation

Answer: $2$ units of Electronics; Country Y has a comparative advantage in Coffee.

Answer

2

units of Electronics; Country Y has a comparative advantage in Coffee.

The opportunity cost of producing one unit of Coffee in Country X is calculated by taking the ratio of labor hours needed for Coffee to labor hours needed for Electronics:

10 / 5 = 2

units of Electronics. For Country Y, the opportunity cost of Coffee is

12 / 8 = 1.5

units of Electronics. Because Country Y sacrifices fewer units of Electronics per unit of Coffee produced (

1.5 < 2

), Country Y holds the comparative advantage in Coffee production.

Step-by-Step Solution

Calculate the opportunity cost of producing Coffee in Country X.

Opportunity Cost of 1 Coffee in Country X =

\frac{\text{Labor hours for Coffee}}{\text{Labor hours for Electronics}} = \frac{10}{5} = 2

units of Electronics.

Opportunity cost in input-based tables is calculated by dividing the input required for the target good by the input required for the alternative good.

Calculate the opportunity cost of producing Coffee in Country Y.

Opportunity Cost of 1 Coffee in Country Y =

\frac{12}{8} = 1.5

units of Electronics.

This determines which country sacrifices less of the alternative commodity to produce one unit of Coffee.

Compare opportunity costs to determine comparative advantage.

Country Y has a lower opportunity cost (

1.5 < 2.0

) in Coffee production.

According to the Theory of Comparative Advantage, a country should specialize in the good for which it has a lower opportunity cost.

Key Concept

Theory of Comparative Advantage with Input Data

Question 13163Question →

Arrange the following procedural steps involved in the formal retirement of a general partner in a commercial firm into their correct chronological order, from first to last.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

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Answer

The correct chronological sequence for partner retirement begins with serving formal notice to existing partners, followed by revaluing firm assets and liabilities, discharging the financial entitlements (capital, reserves, goodwill), and concluding with issuing public notice in national newspapers to avoid third-party liability by estoppel.

The formal retirement of a partner follows a strict legal and accounting sequence: first, serving written notice of retirement to co-partners; second, revaluing assets and liabilities to close accounts; third, paying out the outgoing partner's capital, reserves, and goodwill; and finally, issuing a public notice in national newspapers to protect the retired partner from subsequent firm liabilities under holding out.

Step-by-Step Solution

Identify the initial legal requirement to trigger retirement.

Serving formal notice of intention to retire to all existing partners.

Retirement cannot proceed legally without prior formal notification to co-partners according to the partnership deed.

Determine the internal accounting step following notice.

Revaluing partnership assets and liabilities.

Accounts must be reconciled up to the effective date of retirement to determine unrecorded gains or losses.

Identify the settlement of accounts step.

Discharging financial entitlements regarding capital, reserves, and goodwill.

The outgoing partner's total financial interest must be settled or converted into a loan account.

Identify the legal protection step against future debts.

Publishing public notice of retirement in the official Gazette or national newspapers.

Without public notice, the retired partner remains liable to third parties who continue dealing with the firm under the doctrine of holding out (estoppel).

Key Concept

Procedural steps and legal liabilities in partner retirement

Question 13164Question →

A central monetary authority establishes an electronic clearing platform that speeds up payment settlements and expands credit access for merchants operating across distant commercial hubs. Which factor affecting the growth of commerce is directly illustrated by this initiative?

Provision of modern banking and financial infrastructure

Expansion of personal and direct service occupations

Transformation of commercial activities into primary extractive production

Reduction of commerce to localized home trade functions

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Provision of modern banking and financial infrastructure

Answer

Provision of modern banking and financial infrastructure

The correct answer emphasizes modern banking and financial infrastructure. Banking functions as an essential auxiliary to trade by offering credit facilities, reducing settlement delays, and ensuring seamless money movement, which directly drives commercial expansion.

Step-by-Step Solution

Analyze the scenario described in the stem

The scenario highlights an automated inter-bank clearing system reducing transaction times and extending credit facilities.

Identifying the core mechanism in the scenario reveals which auxiliary service or factor is being evaluated.

Relate the scenario mechanism to factors fostering commercial growth

Efficient payment clearance and credit access fall directly under banking and financial services.

Banking overcomes the barrier of financial insecurity and long settlement delays, enabling continuous expansion of exchange.

Key Concept

Role of Banking in Commercial Expansion

Estimated Time:1m 0s

Question 13165Question →

The table below presents the transaction values across three stages of a agricultural-manufacturing production chain in an economy:

Stage of Production	Value of Output ( $\text{₦}$ )	Cost of Intermediate Inputs ( $\text{₦}$ )
Sugarcane Farming	$150,000$	$0$
Sugar Refining	$280,000$	$150,000$
Confectionery Manufacturing	$450,000$	$280,000$

Using the output (value added) method of national income accounting, what is the total contribution of this production chain to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

\text{₦}880,000

\text{₦}450,000

\text{₦}430,000

\text{₦}300,000

Show answer & explanation

Answer: $\text{₦}450,000$

Answer

The total contribution of this production chain to GDP is

\text{₦}450,000

Under the output (value added) method of national income accounting, GDP contribution is computed by calculating the net value added at each production stage (Value of Output minus Cost of Intermediate Inputs) and summing them up. Sugarcane farming adds

\text{₦}150,000

, sugar refining adds

\text{₦}130,000

, and confectionery manufacturing adds

\text{₦}170,000

, giving a total net contribution of

\text{₦}450,000

. Alternatively, this equals the market value of the final consumer product (confectionery).

Step-by-Step Solution

Calculate the value added at each individual stage of production using the formula:

\text{Value Added} = \text{Value of Output} - \text{Cost of Intermediate Inputs}

Sugarcane Farming:

150,000 - 0 = \text{₦}150,000

; Sugar Refining:

280,000 - 150,000 = \text{₦}130,000

; Confectionery Manufacturing:

450,000 - 280,000 = \text{₦}170,000

The output method avoids double counting by isolating only the incremental value created at each stage.

Sum the net value added across all three stages to determine total GDP contribution.

Total GDP Contribution =

150,000 + 130,000 + 170,000 = \text{₦}450,000

National income is the aggregate of net value added by all productive units in the economy.

Key Concept

Output (Value Added) Method of Measurement

Question 13166Question →

A cocoa farmer in Ondo State agrees to supply 50 bags of cocoa to a commercial exporter, with settlement agreed to be made in Nigerian Naira three months after delivery. Which function of money is primarily demonstrated by using currency to express and settle this future financial obligation?

Standard of deferred payment

Medium of exchange

Store of value

Unit of account

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Standard of deferred payment

Answer

Standard of deferred payment

The standard of deferred payment is a secondary function of money that allows debt contracts to be formulated and settled in monetary terms at a future date. When trade occurs on credit and settlement is postponed, money provides the benchmark for calculating and fulfilling the future obligation.

Step-by-Step Solution

Analyze the financial transaction scenario presented in the stem.

The transaction involves an agreement to deliver goods now and pay in currency three months later (a credit/deferred transaction).

Identifying the timing of payment helps distinguish spot transactions from credit-based contractual transactions.

Map the specific economic role of money in this deferred context to the appropriate monetary function.

Using money to define and settle future debts defines money as a standard of deferred payment.

Money enables long-term commercial contracts by serving as an agreed measure for obligations payable at a future date.

Key Concept

Functions of Money: Standard of Deferred Payment

Question 13167Question →

Arrange the following steps and anatomical structures in the correct sequence through which water and trapped nutrients travel during filter feeding in a bivalve mollusc, from initial entry to ingestion.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

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Answer

The correct sequential order of filter feeding in bivalves is: Incurrent siphon entry → Ctenidia trapping food → Labial palp sorting → Mouth ingestion → Excurrent siphon expulsion.

In bivalve molluscs (such as mussels and clams), filter feeding follows a continuous path: water enters through the incurrent siphon, passes over the ctenidia (gills) where food particles become trapped in mucus, moves to the labial palps for mechanical sorting, enters the mouth for digestion, and filtered water exits via the excurrent siphon.

Step-by-Step Solution

Identify the entry point of water into the bivalve mantle cavity.

Water enters through the incurrent siphon.

The incurrent siphon brings fresh oxygenated water and planktonic nutrients into the body.

Determine the site of particle capture.

Water passes over the ctenidia (gills) where cilia trap particles in mucus.

Ctenidia act as biological filters using ciliary action.

Determine how trapped food is sorted.

Labial palps sort digestible food from inorganic material.

Labial palps prevent ingestion of inedible silt or heavy debris.

Trace the movement of sorted food into the gut.

Selected edible material passes into the mouth.

The mouth receives sorted nutrients from the palps for chemical digestion.

Identify the exit pathway of filtered water.

Excurrent siphon releases filtered water and waste outside the body.

A continuous one-way flow maintains respiratory efficiency and waste removal.

Key Concept

Bivalve Filter Feeding Mechanism

Question 13168Question →

Match each type of natural radioactive emission with its corresponding physical property regarding electric field deflection and penetrating ability.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

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Answer

Alpha particle pairs with deflection towards the negative plate and highest ionizing power; Beta-minus particle pairs with deflection towards the positive plate and moderate penetrating power; Gamma ray pairs with no deflection in electric fields and highest penetrating power.

Alpha particles carry positive charge (

+2e

), causing them to deflect toward the negative plate in an electric field while producing intense ionization. Beta-minus particles carry negative charge (

-e

), deflecting toward the positive plate. Gamma rays are neutral photons, passing completely undeflected while possessing the greatest penetrating power.

Step-by-Step Solution

Determine the charge and nature of each radioactive emission.

Alpha particles are doubly positively charged helium nuclei (

+2e

), Beta-minus particles are negatively charged electrons (

-e

), and Gamma rays are neutral electromagnetic photons (

0

Electric field deflection depends directly on the sign and magnitude of particle charge.

Analyze behavior in an electric field and relative penetrating power.

Positively charged alpha particles move toward the negative plate and ionize strongly due to high mass/charge; negatively charged beta particles move toward the positive plate; uncharged gamma rays pass straight through and penetrate deepest.

Opposite charges attract in electric fields, while mass and charge dictate the rate of energy loss (ionization vs penetration) in matter.

Pair each emission to its exact matching property.

Alpha matches highest ionizing power and negative plate deflection; Beta-minus matches positive plate deflection; Gamma ray matches highest penetrating power and no deflection.

This correctly aligns each particle/wave type with its distinct physical behavior.

Key Concept

Properties and field deflection of natural radioactive emissions

Question 13169Question →

Match each character's thematic dilemma in prose narratives on the left with its corresponding central thematic interpretation on the right.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

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Answer

The correct matches pair each specific character action with its overarching thematic significance: urban displacement matches cultural alienation; enforcement of language bans matches institutional assimilation; secret herb cultivation matches quiet cultural resistance; and refusal of a bribe matches the moral conflict between personal integrity and family pressure.

Each narrative scenario exemplifies a major theme in prose literature: urban-rural drift causes identity loss; colonial education enforces language assimilation; traditional practices represent covert resistance; and steadfast honesty creates tension within personal relationships.

Step-by-Step Solution

Examine the narrative scenario for each character to identify the primary conflict.

Discovered conflicts involving social displacement, language suppression, illegal tradition preservation, and ethical duty vs. family needs.

Identifying core narrative conflicts is necessary to extract broader thematic meaning.

Connect each narrative conflict to its corresponding abstract thematic concept.

Matched specific story elements with universal human and societal themes.

Thematic interpretation maps concrete plot actions to abstract literary meanings.

Key Concept

Themes and Thematic Interpretation in Prose

Question 13170Question →

In Bayo Adebowale's novel *Lonely Days*, during the traditional cap-picking ceremony organized for widows to choose a new husband in Kufi, what action does Yaremi take that defies the village custom?

She rejects all three suitors by refusing to select any of their caps.

She selects the cap of the village chief's candidate but refuses to move into his compound.

She flees Kufi village on the morning of the ceremony to seek sanctuary in Ibadan.

She picks a suitor's cap under duress but publicly burns it immediately afterward.

Show answer & explanation

Answer: She rejects all three suitors by refusing to select any of their caps.

Answer

Yaremi rejects all three suitors by refusing to select any of their caps during the cap-picking ceremony.

In Bayo Adebowale's *Lonely Days*, Yaremi's refusal to touch or select any of the caps laid out by her suitors during the cap-picking ceremony demonstrates her unwavering resistance against forced levirate marriage customs in Kufi.

Step-by-Step Solution

Analyze Yaremi's central conflict in *Lonely Days* during the widowhood rites.

Identify the cap-picking ceremony as the climax of Kufi's patriarchal expectation for widows to remarry.

The elders of Kufi require widows to choose a new husband from among designated suitors through the cap-picking tradition.

Determine Yaremi's specific action during the public ritual.

Confirm that Yaremi refuses to pick any of the caps presented by her suitors.

Yaremi seeks self-reliance and refuses to surrender her autonomy or memory of her late husband Ajayi to village pressure.

Key Concept

Character Motivation and Thematic Defiance in Prescribed African Novels

Estimated Time:1m 0s

Question 13171Question →

During the physical distribution of manufactured consumer goods, a merchant wholesaler performs several sequential operational activities. Arrange the following functions performed by the merchant wholesaler in the correct chronological order, from initial product procurement to final retail dispatch.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

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Answer

The correct operational sequence of the merchant wholesaler is: (1) Procuring goods in bulk quantities directly from the manufacturer and storing them in central warehouses, (2) Sorting, grading, and standardizing the stored merchandise according to quality and specifications, (3) Breaking bulk by dividing large consignments into smaller, manageable commercial units, and (4) Dispatching and delivering the repackaged units to individual retail outlets.

The merchant wholesaler's process logically begins with bulk acquisition and storage from the manufacturer. Next, the wholesaler sorts and grades the inventory to ensure quality consistency. Then, the wholesaler performs the essential service of breaking bulk into smaller lots. Finally, the wholesaler transports and delivers these smaller packages to retailers.

Step-by-Step Solution

Identify the primary entry point of goods into the wholesale channel.

The wholesaler first purchases in large quantities from manufacturers and places them into warehouse storage.

Wholesalers act as primary bulk buyers before performing secondary processing activities.

Determine the processing step applied to bulk warehouse inventory.

Bulk inventory is sorted, graded, and standardized.

Products received from factories must be classified into uniform categories before being divided for buyers.

Identify the sub-division phase of distribution.

The wholesaler breaks bulk into smaller orders requested by retailers.

Retailers lack the capital and storage space for factory-sized lots, requiring breaking bulk after sorting.

Identify the final outbound logistical activity.

The smaller orders are dispatched and delivered to retail stores.

Transportation to retail premises is the final physical distribution step completed by the wholesaler.

Key Concept

Operational Sequence of Functions in Wholesale Trade

Question 13172Question →

A wooden furniture manufacturing company in Benin City reorganized its factory floor so that each carpenter performs only one specific task, such as cutting timber, sanding panels, or applying polish. While daily output initially increased, the firm later noticed that workers struggled to adapt when assigned to different woodworking departments or alternative industries. Which of the following represents the primary economic disadvantage illustrated in this scenario?

Occupational immobility of labor resulting from over-specialization

An inward shift of the production possibility curve due to resource destruction

A rise in variable costs caused by misclassifying fixed factory inputs

The mandatory conversion of a private enterprise into a commercialized public corporation

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Occupational immobility of labor resulting from over-specialization

Answer

Occupational immobility of labor resulting from over-specialization is the primary economic drawback, as workers acquire narrow skills that limit their ability to transition between different job roles or industries.

The correct answer highlights occupational immobility of labor. Extreme division of labor restricts workers to repetitive, single-task operations. Over time, workers lose broad trade competence and acquire rigid skills, making it difficult to transfer to alternative tasks or industries if economic conditions change.

Step-by-Step Solution

Analyze the production context described in the scenario.

The furniture firm divides production into narrow, isolated tasks (cutting, sanding, polishing) where workers perform only one routine operation.

Identifying the labor structure establishes that division of labor and specialization are being practiced.

Examine the problem arising from this specialized labor structure.

Workers become unable to adapt when transferred to other departments or alternative industries.

This loss of flexibility directly points to occupational immobility caused by overly narrow training.

Match the observed drawback to standard economic concepts of division of labor.

Occupational immobility of labor is a well-known disadvantage of extreme division of labor, reducing labor market flexibility.

Over-specialization causes workers to lose general craft skills, restricting their mobility across different occupations.

Key Concept

Disadvantages of Division of Labor: Occupational Immobility

Question 13173Question →

In a mixed economic system, statutory regulatory agencies can modify market outcomes through taxation and legislation without abolishing private ownership of the means of production.

True

False

Show answer & explanation

Answer: True

Answer

The statement is TRUE. A mixed economy relies on the co-existence of private enterprise and public control, allowing government agencies to regulate market decisions without eliminating private property rights.

The statement is true because mixed economies maintain dual ownership structures. Private individuals own factors of production and respond to market incentives, while government agencies intervene using policy measures and regulations to promote public welfare without revoking private ownership rights.

Step-by-Step Solution

Identify the structural arrangement of a mixed economic system

A mixed economy combines private sector initiative with government public sector participation and oversight.

Understanding dual sector participation helps distinguish mixed economies from pure market capitalism or pure command socialism.

Examine the role and extent of state regulatory authority

Governments use fiscal tools (taxes, subsidies) and statutory regulations to modify price or output signals to improve social welfare while leaving private capital ownership intact.

Regulatory intervention guides market operations rather than abolishing private property rights.

Key Concept

Co-existence of private ownership and government regulatory intervention in a mixed economy

Question 13174Question →

Match each of the following prescribed non-African poems with its primary thematic concern or central conceit. Which option correctly pairs each poem on the left with its corresponding thematic description on the right?

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

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Answer

"The Pulley" pairs with the metaphysical conceit of divine restlessness; "The Good-Morrow" pairs with the aubade celebrating unified spiritual love; "Bat" pairs with the expression of visceral revulsion toward nocturnal creatures; and "Caged Bird" pairs with the sustained allegory contrasting captive oppression with uninhibited freedom.

Each poem accurately aligns with its prescribed thematic focus: George Herbert's 'The Pulley' centers on divine restlessness; John Donne's 'The Good-Morrow' is an aubade of spiritual love; D.H. Lawrence's 'Bat' expresses aesthetic revulsion; and Maya Angelou's 'Caged Bird' allegorizes captivity and freedom.

Step-by-Step Solution

Identify the central conceit of George Herbert's "The Pulley".

Match "The Pulley" with the metaphysical conceit demonstrating humanity's divine restlessness.

Herbert depicts God pouring blessings on humanity but withholding rest so that restlessness acts as a pulley to draw humans back to God.

Analyze the core genre and theme of John Donne's "The Good-Morrow".

Match "The Good-Morrow" with the aubade celebrating spiritual love.

Donne's metaphysical aubade marks the awakening of a soul-centric, balanced love that creates a self-contained universe.

Determine the emotional tone of D.H. Lawrence's "Bat".

Match "Bat" with the visceral expression of revulsion toward nocturnal creatures.

Lawrence contrasts Florence's traditional beauty with his visceral horror and dislike of bats taking flight.

Examine the figurative structure of Maya Angelou's "Caged Bird".

Match "Caged Bird" with the sustained allegory of oppression versus freedom.

The contrast between the restricted caged bird and the soaring free bird serves as an allegory for racial inequality and resilience.

Key Concept

Thematic and Structural Analysis of Prescribed Non-African Poetry

Question 13175Question →

An alternating current (AC) source with an RMS voltage of $200\ \text{V}$ is connected in series with a $16\ \Omega$ resistor, an inductor of inductive reactance $X_L = 18\ \Omega$ , and a capacitor of capacitive reactance $X_C = 30\ \Omega$ . What is the RMS current flowing in the circuit?

10.0\ \text{A}

3.13\ \text{A}

12.5\ \text{A}

16.67\ \text{A}

Show answer & explanation

Answer: $10.0\ \text{A}$

Answer

The RMS current flowing in the circuit is

10.0\ \text{A}

To find the RMS current in a series RLC AC circuit, first calculate the net reactance:

|X_L - X_C| = |18\ \Omega - 30\ \Omega| = 12\ \Omega

. Next, determine total impedance using phasor addition:

Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L - X_C)^2} = \sqrt{16^2 + 12^2} = 20\ \Omega

. Finally, apply Ohm's law for AC:

I_{\text{rms}} = \frac{V_{\text{rms}}}{Z} = \frac{200}{20} = 10.0\ \text{A}

Step-by-Step Solution

Calculate the net reactance of the series circuit

|X_L - X_C| = |18\ \Omega - 30\ \Omega| = 12\ \Omega

Inductive and capacitive reactances are

180^\circ

out of phase in a series AC circuit.

Calculate the total impedance Z of the circuit

Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L - X_C)^2} = \sqrt{16^2 + (-12)^2} = \sqrt{256 + 144} = \sqrt{400} = 20\ \Omega

Impedance is the phasor sum of resistance and net reactance.

Calculate the RMS current using Ohm's law for AC circuits

I_{\text{rms}} = \frac{V_{\text{rms}}}{Z} = \frac{200\ \text{V}}{20\ \Omega} = 10.0\ \text{A}

The RMS current is the total RMS voltage divided by the circuit impedance.

Key Concept

Impedance and RMS Current in Series RLC AC Circuits

Question 13176Question →

An agro-processing cooperative with a capital budget of $\text{N}250,000$ arranges its immediate expenditure needs in order of priority on a scale of preference as follows:

1. Repair of main grating machine — $\text{N}150,000$
2. Purchase of hydraulic press — $\text{N}100,000$
3. Installation of a solar drying shed — $\text{N}100,000$
4. Procurement of cassava tubers — $\text{N}80,000$

If the cooperative spends its budget strictly according to this scale of preference, what is the opportunity cost of acquiring the hydraulic press?

The installation of the solar drying shed

\text{N}100,000

, which is the financial price paid for the hydraulic press

The combined value of the solar drying shed and the cassava tubers

The repair of the main grating machine

Show answer & explanation

Answer: The installation of the solar drying shed

Answer

The installation of the solar drying shed

A scale of preference lists wants in order of importance. Given a budget constraint of

\text{N}250,000

, the cooperative allocates

\text{N}150,000

to item 1 and the remaining

\text{N}100,000

to item 2 (hydraulic press). The opportunity cost of selecting the hydraulic press is the most desirable alternative sacrificed due to that decision, which is item 3, the installation of the solar drying shed.

Step-by-Step Solution

Determine which items are satisfied given the budget constraint

With a total budget of

\text{N}250,000

, the cooperative satisfies item 1 (Repair of main grating machine at

\text{N}150,000

, leaving

\text{N}100,000

) and item 2 (Purchase of hydraulic press at

\text{N}100,000

, leaving

\text{N}0

A rational decision maker satisfies wants in order of priority from top to bottom on the scale of preference until the budget is exhausted.

Identify the foregone alternatives resulting from choosing the hydraulic press

The expenditure of the remaining

\text{N}100,000

on the hydraulic press prevents the cooperative from choosing items 3 and 4.

Choosing to purchase the press consumes funds that could otherwise have been used for lower-priority needs.

Select the highest-ranked alternative foregone to find the opportunity cost

The highest-ranked unsatisfied item is item 3: the installation of a solar drying shed.

By definition, opportunity cost is the next best alternative foregone, not the financial cost or all unsatisfied wants combined.

Key Concept

Scale of Preference and Opportunity Cost

Question 13177Question →

A large-scale commercial soap manufacturing factory in Kano operates a continuous assembly line based on division of labour. Arrange the following specialized operational tasks in their correct sequential order from raw material processing to finished commercial packaging.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct sequence starts with blending raw materials in saponification vessels (item_1), followed by chilling and extruding into solid bars (item_2), cutting into standard tablets and stamping logos (item_3), and concludes with wrapping and packing into bulk cartons (item_4).

In a factory operating division of labour, tasks follow a strict technological order: raw material chemical transformation (saponification) must occur before physical shaping (extrusion), followed by unit sizing and branding (cutting/stamping), and concluding with commercial protection (packaging).

Step-by-Step Solution

Identify the initial raw material input and primary transformation task in the division of labour system.

Blending raw fatty acids and caustic soda in saponification vessels represents the starting chemical reaction stage.

Production cannot proceed to shaping or packaging until the basic chemical compound is formed.

Determine the intermediate physical transformation stage.

Chilling liquid soap mass and extruding continuous solid bars follows chemical reaction.

Liquid base must be cooled and solidified into manageable bar forms before individual units can be processed.

Identify the unit-level finishing process.

Cutting continuous bars into tablet dimensions and stamping logos is the next logical operational task.

Mechanical sizing and branding occur on solid individual pieces prior to wrapping.

Identify the final auxiliary commercial preparation task.

Wrapping individual tablets and cartoning for wholesale distribution completes the assembly line process.

Packaging is the final stage that protects the finished commercial good for market distribution.

Key Concept

Sequential Division of Labour in Manufacturing

Question 13178Question →

An enterprise in Kano obtains raw animal hides from local pastoralists, processes the hides into refined leather inside its industrial factory, and uses an independent freight agent to ship the finished leather to buyers abroad. Into which sector of production does the factory processing of raw hides into leather fall?

Primary sector

Secondary sector

Tertiary sector

Direct service sector

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Secondary sector

Answer

Secondary sector

The secondary sector consists of manufacturing, processing, and construction activities that convert primary raw materials into finished or semi-finished goods. Processing raw hides into industrial leather involves physical transformation in a factory, placing it squarely in the secondary sector of production.

Step-by-Step Solution

Identify the specific activity mentioned in the question prompt

The target activity is factory processing of raw hides into refined leather.

Production sectors are classified based on the nature of the economic activity performed.

Classify the target activity into economic sectors

Transforming raw inputs (hides) into manufactured goods (leather) using industrial processes is manufacturing.

Primary production extracts natural resources, secondary production converts raw inputs into finished goods, and tertiary production provides commercial services.

Determine the matching sector

The secondary sector encompasses all manufacturing, processing, and construction industries.

Industrial processing of raw materials is the defining feature of secondary production.

Key Concept

Classification of Production Sectors (Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary)

Question 13179Question →

In urban centers, the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in gasoline engines and power generators releases carbon monoxide ( $CO$ ) into the atmosphere. Which of the following best describes the primary physiological effect of this gaseous pollutant on human health?

It binds readily with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, drastically reducing oxygen transport to body tissues.

It combines with cellular fluid to cause thermal denaturation of metabolic enzymes throughout the body.

It inhibits the photolysis of water within red blood cells, preventing the light reaction of respiration.

It breaks down the peptidoglycan layer of red blood cell membranes, destroying cellular structural integrity.

Show answer & explanation

Answer: It binds readily with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, drastically reducing oxygen transport to body tissues.

Answer

Carbon monoxide binds readily with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, drastically reducing oxygen transport to body tissues.

Carbon monoxide (

CO

) is an atmospheric pollutant resulting from incomplete fuel combustion. It binds to hemoglobin with significantly higher affinity than oxygen, forming carboxyhemoglobin. This prevents hemoglobin from binding and transporting oxygen to tissues, causing cellular hypoxia.

Step-by-Step Solution

Identify the pollutant and its chemical origin

Carbon monoxide (

CO

) is a toxic pollutant produced during incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels.

Identifying the source and chemical nature of carbon monoxide clarifies its mode of physiological damage.

Analyze the mechanism of carbon monoxide toxicity in the human circulatory system

Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin with an affinity over 200 times greater than that of oxygen, forming carboxyhemoglobin.

This stable complex prevents hemoglobin from binding and transporting oxygen, leading to tissue hypoxia and chemical asphyxiation.

Key Concept

Air Pollution and Physiological Effects of Carbon Monoxide

Estimated Time:1m 0s

Question 13180Question →

At a geographical survey location, the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field is measured as $3.0 \times 10^{-5}\text{ T}$ . If the angle of dip at this location is $60^\circ$ , what is the magnitude of the vertical component of the Earth's magnetic field?

1.7 \times 10^{-5}\text{ T}

5.2 \times 10^{-5}\text{ T}

1.5 \times 10^{-5}\text{ T}

6.0 \times 10^{-5}\text{ T}

Show answer & explanation

Answer: $5.2 \times 10^{-5}\text{ T}$

Answer

5.2 \times 10^{-5}\text{ T}

The vertical component (

B_v

) and horizontal component (

B_h

) of Earth's magnetic field are related by the angle of dip (

\theta

) through

\tan\theta = \frac{B_v}{B_h}

. Substituting

B_h = 3.0 \times 10^{-5}\text{ T}

and

\theta = 60^\circ

yields

B_v = 3.0 \times 10^{-5} \times 1.732 = 5.2 \times 10^{-5}\text{ T}

Step-by-Step Solution

Identify the relationship between horizontal component (

B_h

), vertical component (

B_v

), and angle of dip (

\theta

\tan\theta = \frac{B_v}{B_h}

The dip angle

\theta

represents the inclination of the total magnetic field relative to the horizontal plane.

Rearrange the equation to solve for the vertical component

B_v

B_v = B_h \times \tan\theta

Multiplying both sides by

B_h

isolates

B_v

Substitute the given values into the formula and calculate.

B_v = 3.0 \times 10^{-5}\text{ T} \times \tan 60^\circ = 3.0 \times 10^{-5}\text{ T} \times 1.732 = 5.196 \times 10^{-5}\text{ T} \approx 5.2 \times 10^{-5}\text{ T}

Using

\tan 60^\circ \approx 1.732

gives the vertical magnetic field magnitude.

Key Concept

Components of Earth's Magnetic Field and Angle of Dip

Estimated Time:1m 15s

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