Question

Difficulty: HardThe 1990s: Good Friday Agreement and Devolution

In the late 1990s, the UK government used public referendums to confirm support for major constitutional changes regarding devolution and the peace process. Which of the following statements accurately describes the timeline and scope of these referendums?

  1. In 1997, referendums were held in Scotland and Wales to approve their new devolved bodies, and in 1998, simultaneous referendums were held in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland to approve the Good Friday Agreement.Answer
  2. B
    In 1997, a referendum was held in Wales to grant the National Assembly the power to vary income tax, while Scotland voted in 1998 to establish a Parliament with only administrative functions.
  3. C
    A single referendum was held in 1997 for all UK citizens to approve the principle of devolution, followed by a separate referendum in 1998 exclusively for the people of Northern Ireland.
  4. D
    Referendums for Scotland and Wales were held in 1998 on the same day as the first elections, while the Northern Ireland Assembly was established by the Good Friday Agreement without a requirement for a public vote.

Answer

In 1997, referendums were held in Scotland and Wales to approve their new devolved bodies, and in 1998, simultaneous referendums were held in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland to approve the Good Friday Agreement.
The process of devolution in the late 1990s was achieved through a series of specific public votes. In 1997, referendums were held in Scotland and Wales to approve the creation of the Scottish Parliament and the National Assembly for Wales. In 1998, following the signing of the Belfast (Good Friday) Agreement, simultaneous referendums were held in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland to ratify the peace agreement and the new institutional arrangements.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the referendum years for Scotland and Wales.
The referendums in Scotland and Wales were held in 1997, leading to the establishment of their devolved bodies in 1999.
The Labour government elected in 1997 moved quickly to fulfill its manifesto commitment to devolution.
2
Identify the referendum requirements for the Northern Ireland peace process.
The Good Friday Agreement was signed in 1998 and required approval by referendums in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.
The peace process was an international effort that required a mandate from the people on both sides of the Irish border.
3
Compare the timeline and scope to the options.
The only statement matching both the 1997 (Scotland/Wales) and 1998 (NI/ROI) timeline is the correct answer.
Accurate historical sequencing is essential for understanding the constitutional reforms of the 1990s.

Key Concept

The chronological and geographic scope of the 1990s devolution referendums.
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Rate this question