Question

Difficulty: Very hardThe 1990s: Good Friday Agreement and Devolution

In the context of the constitutional reforms of the late 1990s, which of the following accurately describes the legislative and financial distinction between the devolved administrations as they were initially established in 1999?

  1. The Scottish Parliament was granted the power to pass primary legislation and to vary the basic rate of income tax by up to 3p, whereas the National Assembly for Wales held only secondary legislative powers.Answer
  2. B
    The National Assembly for Wales was established with the authority to pass primary legislation in all areas, while the Scottish Parliament was restricted to secondary legislation and administrative oversight.
  3. C
    The Northern Ireland Assembly was the only devolved body established without a public referendum, as it was formed solely through the signing of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement.
  4. D
    Both the Scottish Parliament and the Welsh Assembly were established as sovereign bodies with the power to override UK Parliament legislation on all matters including defense and foreign policy.

Answer

The Scottish Parliament was granted primary legislative powers and limited tax-varying powers, while the National Assembly for Wales initially held only secondary legislative powers.
The correct answer accurately identifies that the initial devolution settlement was not uniform across the UK. In 1999, the Scottish Parliament was established with the power to pass 'primary' legislation (laws) and a specific power to vary income tax by up to 3p in the pound. In contrast, the National Assembly for Wales was initially set up with only 'secondary' legislative powers, meaning it could only make rules and regulations within the framework of laws passed by the UK Parliament.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the outcomes of the 1997 referendums.
Referendums in 1997 led to the creation of the Scottish Parliament and the National Assembly for Wales.
The public in Scotland and Wales voted for devolution, leading to the 1998 Acts of Parliament.
2
Differentiate between the powers granted to Scotland and Wales in 1999.
Scotland was granted a Parliament with primary legislative and tax-varying powers; Wales was granted an Assembly with secondary powers.
The initial devolution settlements were asymmetric, providing different levels of autonomy to different nations.
3
Verify the status of the Northern Ireland Assembly and the Good Friday Agreement.
The Good Friday Agreement (1998) led to the Northern Ireland Assembly, which was approved by a referendum.
This confirms that all three devolved bodies involved a democratic mandate via referendum.

Key Concept

Asymmetric Devolution in the UK
Estimated Time:2m 0s
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