Question

Difficulty: HardThe 1990s: Good Friday Agreement and Devolution

In the late 1990s, the UK government implemented significant constitutional reforms leading to the creation of devolved administrations. While the processes in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland all involved public votes, which of the following features uniquely distinguished the 1998 Good Friday Agreement (Belfast Agreement) from the devolution processes in Scotland and Wales?

  1. It required approval through public referendums held in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.Answer
  2. B
    It was the only constitutional reform of the 1990s that required a public referendum to be held before implementation.
  3. C
    It granted the new legislative body the power to vary income tax, a power that was withheld from the Scottish Parliament.
  4. D
    It gave the Northern Ireland Assembly full control over reserved matters such as defense and foreign policy.

Answer

The Good Friday Agreement was unique because it required approval through public referendums held in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.
The 1998 Good Friday Agreement (or Belfast Agreement) was distinct because it was a peace treaty that required democratic approval on both sides of the Irish border. This meant simultaneous referendums were held in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, which is a unique requirement not found in the devolution processes for Scotland or Wales.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the common elements of the late 1990s constitutional reforms.
Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland all received devolved administrations following public referendums.
Establishing the baseline of what happened in each region to find the unique difference.
2
Examine the scope of the referendums for Scotland and Wales.
The referendums for the Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly were held only within those specific regions in 1997.
To distinguish the territorial scope of the 'standard' devolution process.
3
Examine the unique requirement of the Good Friday Agreement.
The 1998 agreement required a 'Yes' vote in Northern Ireland and a 'Yes' vote in the Republic of Ireland to amend its constitution.
This cross-border democratic requirement was a specific feature of the peace process.

Key Concept

Asymmetric Devolution and the Good Friday Agreement

Practice More

Review the specific 'reserved' vs 'devolved' powers listed in the 1998 Acts to better understand the differences between the three administrations.
Estimated Time:2m 0s
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