Match each flawed logical argument with the specific sufficient assumption that, if added to its premises, strictly guarantees the truth of the conclusion.
- Premises: Environmental economists argue that any policy that successfully and significantly reduces carbon emissions inevitably causes a temporary but measurable economic slowdown in the regional manufacturing sector. Analysts project that the newly proposed urban zoning law will certainly cause exactly such a temporary manufacturing slowdown in our district.
Conclusion: Therefore, it is guaranteed that the new urban zoning law will successfully reduce carbon emissions.The only policies that can possibly cause a temporary economic slowdown in the manufacturing sector are those that successfully reduce carbon emissions. - Premises: The mayor's comprehensive infrastructure plan relies entirely on aggressively raising commercial and residential property taxes. Historical voting patterns demonstrate that any legislative plan that relies on raising property taxes will inevitably lose the crucial support of middle-class voters across the municipality.
Conclusion: Consequently, the mayor's comprehensive infrastructure plan will fail to be approved by the city council.No legislative plan that loses the crucial support of middle-class voters can ever muster the votes required to be approved by the city council. - Premises: Political scientists assert that truly ethical leaders consistently prioritize governmental transparency over favorable public relations. An analysis of recent administrative decisions reveals that the current governor clearly prioritizes favorable public relations over maintaining any semblance of governmental transparency.
Conclusion: Therefore, it is absolutely certain that the current governor will not be re-elected to another term in office.Any politician who is successful in being re-elected to another term in office must fundamentally be a truly ethical leader. - Premises: Comprehensive studies of Silicon Valley startups show that the vast majority of highly successful tech entrepreneurs have experienced at least one catastrophic failure in their past ventures. John, a local software developer, has famously experienced a catastrophic failure in his past venture.
Conclusion: As a direct result, John will eventually become a highly successful tech entrepreneur.Every single individual who has experienced a catastrophic failure in a past venture is logically guaranteed to eventually become a highly successful tech entrepreneur.
Answer
The arguments are correctly matched to the assumptions that bridge their respective logical gaps.
Each correct match successfully bridges a specific, structural logical gap in the stimulus argument. The environmental argument requires fixing a conditional reversal; the infrastructure argument requires completing a conditional chain; the political argument requires connecting the contrapositive of the premises to the conclusion; and the tech entrepreneur argument requires upgrading a flawed statistical correlation to a strict universal guarantee.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Identifying Sufficient Assumptions