Read the following passage carefully.
In typical marine ecosystems, the foundation of the food web is photosynthesis, a process strictly limited to the epipelagic zone where sunlight penetrates. For decades, biologists assumed that the deep ocean floor, devoid of solar energy, could support only sparse scavenger populations subsisting on 'marine snow'—organic detritus falling from the surface. However, the discovery of hydrothermal vents in 1977 revolutionized this paradigm. These vents, located along mid-ocean ridges, emit superheated water rich in dissolved minerals, particularly hydrogen sulfide.
The ecosystems surrounding these vents are entirely independent of sunlight. Instead, their foundational organisms are extremophilic bacteria that perform chemosynthesis: the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to produce organic carbon. Because hydrogen sulfide is highly toxic to most terrestrial and shallow-water marine life, it disrupts cellular respiration by binding to cytochrome c oxidase. Yet, vent-endemic organisms, such as the giant tube worm (Riftia pachyptila), thrive here. R. pachyptila lacks a digestive tract altogether; instead, it relies on an internal organ called a trophosome, which houses billions of symbiotic chemosynthetic bacteria. To safely transport both the necessary oxygen and the otherwise lethal hydrogen sulfide to these symbionts, the tube worm possesses specialized hemoglobins that bind to hydrogen sulfide with high affinity, preventing it from interacting with the worm's own cellular respiration enzymes.
Based on the specific details in the passage, match each biological entity or phenomenon (Left) with the logical inference that is most strongly supported by the text (Right).
- The 'marine snow' consumed by deep-ocean scavenger populationsIt represents a delayed, indirect transfer of solar energy to an ecosystem otherwise devoid of sunlight.
- The cellular respiration enzymes of typical shallow-water marine organismsThey can be fatally compromised by chemical compounds that serve as the foundation for mid-ocean ridge ecosystems.
- The specialized hemoglobins in Riftia pachyptilaThey enable the utilization of a lethal environmental resource without sacrificing the host organism's internal metabolic viability.
- The internal trophosome of the giant tube wormIt serves a physiological role that compensates for the organism's lack of a standard mechanism for processing external food sources.