Question

Difficulty: HardExplicit Main Point Identification

Read the following passage:

[1] For over a century, the sudden collapse of the Mycenaean civilization in the Late Bronze Age was primarily attributed to external invasions by the Dorians.
[2] This framework was initially bolstered by destruction layers at major palatial centers, which early archaeologists reflexively interpreted as evidence of violent conquest by militant northern tribes.
[3] Subsequent Iron Age linguistic shifts were frequently invoked to substantiate this hypothesis of rapid population replacement.
[4] However, while the invasion model offers a facile explanation for the razing of monumental citadels, it fails to account for the simultaneous, peaceful abandonment of numerous unfortified agricultural settlements.
[5] Instead, recent paleoclimatological data demonstrates that the Mycenaean collapse was driven not by foreign incursions, but by the catastrophic failure of its hyper-centralized palatial economy during a prolonged, severe drought.
[6] High-resolution sediment core analyses confirm a multi-century reduction in precipitation aligning precisely with the timeline of systemic societal fragmentation.
[7] Consequently, the fiery destruction of the citadels must be recontextualized as the culmination of violent internal uprisings by a starving populace.

Which sentence contains the author's explicit thesis statement? (Enter the sentence number only, e.g., '1')

Answer: 5 / Sentence 5 / [5] / five / Five

Answer

Sentence 5
Sentence 5 is the correct answer because it clearly and explicitly formulates the central thesis of the passage: that the Mycenaean collapse was caused by internal economic failure triggered by severe drought, directly countering the conventional 'Dorian migration' theory introduced in the first paragraph. The rest of the author's argument functions to substantiate this specific overarching claim.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the passage structure to separate context, attributed viewpoints, and the author's own voice.
Sentences 1-3 describe a 'conventional historical narrative' (the invasion hypothesis) that the author is challenging, while Sentences 4-7 present the author's counter-argument and supporting evidence.
Distinguishing the author's perspective from opposing views is necessary to identify the author's actual thesis.
2
Locate the sentence that captures the primary conclusion the author intends to prove.
Sentence 5 explicitly states the core argument: the collapse was driven by the failure of the hyper-centralized economy due to severe drought, directly replacing the invasion hypothesis.
The explicit main point must be a comprehensive statement of the author's central claim, which the rest of the passage is designed to substantiate.
3
Verify that remaining sentences in the author's voice serve as supporting evidence or subsidiary conclusions.
Sentence 4 is a transitional critique, Sentence 6 provides empirical data (sediment cores) supporting the drought claim, and Sentence 7 offers a specific reinterpretation of evidence (citadel destruction) derived from the thesis.
Confirming that other statements are structurally subordinate ensures the selected sentence is the overarching main point.

Key Concept

Explicit Main Point Identification
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