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Question

Difficulty: MediumMust Be True / Most Strongly Supported

Archival conservators analyzing the preservation of historical documents have established the following facts regarding iron gall ink manuscripts:

• Any manuscript written with iron gall ink that is kept in an environment where relative humidity exceeds 65 percent undergoes acid hydrolysis, which accelerates cellulose breakdown.
• If cellulose breakdown is accelerated in a manuscript, its paper substrate becomes brittle unless the manuscript has been treated with a calcium phytate deacidification wash.
• Every manuscript in the Morrison Collection that exhibits paper substrate brittleness also exhibits significant copper ion migration into its surrounding binding.
• None of the manuscripts in the Morrison Collection have ever received a calcium phytate deacidification wash.

If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true?

  1. A
    Any manuscript in the Morrison Collection that exhibits significant copper ion migration into its binding was kept in an environment where relative humidity exceeded 65 percent.
  2. B
    No historical manuscript that undergoes a calcium phytate deacidification wash will ever develop brittle paper substrate.
  3. Any manuscript in the Morrison Collection written with iron gall ink that is kept in an environment where relative humidity exceeds 65 percent exhibits significant copper ion migration into its surrounding binding.Answer
  4. D
    Preventing acid hydrolysis in an iron gall ink manuscript requires maintaining ambient relative humidity at exactly 65 percent.
  5. E
    Copper ion migration into a manuscript's binding is the primary chemical factor responsible for accelerating cellulose breakdown in historical documents.

Answer

Any manuscript in the Morrison Collection written with iron gall ink that is kept in an environment where relative humidity exceeds 65 percent exhibits significant copper ion migration into its surrounding binding.
The correct statement is logically guaranteed by linking the stimulus premises: an iron gall manuscript kept above 65 percent relative humidity experiences accelerated cellulose breakdown; since Morrison Collection items lack calcium phytate washes, this breakdown ensures substrate brittleness, which in turn guarantees copper ion migration into the binding.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Formalize the conditional premises from the stimulus
1. Iron Gall + RH > 65% → Acid Hydrolysis → Accelerated Cellulose Breakdown
2. Accelerated Cellulose Breakdown + No Calcium Phytate Wash → Brittle Substrate
3. Morrison Collection + Brittle Substrate → Copper Ion Migration
4. Morrison Collection → No Calcium Phytate Wash
Establishing explicit conditional representations isolates the logical links between properties.
2
Connect the premises applicable to manuscripts in the Morrison Collection
For any Morrison Collection manuscript: Iron Gall + RH > 65% leads to Accelerated Cellulose Breakdown. Because all Morrison manuscripts lack the wash, this breakdown strictly guarantees Brittle Substrate, which in turn strictly guarantees Copper Ion Migration.
Combining the universal collection property with the conditional rules yields an unbroken deductive deduction.
3
Identify the statement that matches this direct deduction
The statement asserting that an iron gall manuscript in the Morrison Collection kept at RH > 65% must exhibit copper ion migration is logically certain.
A valid 'Must Be True' conclusion must follow inevitably without importing outside assumptions.

Key Concept

Deductive Conditional Chaining
Estimated Time:1m 20s
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Topics

Must Be True / Most Strongly Supported

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