Read the following excerpt from a passage regarding cognitive science:
Proponents of classical computationalism have long argued that cognitive processes are fundamentally algorithmic operations on symbolic representations, wholly independent of the physical substrate in which they are instantiated. From this perspective, the biological brain is merely hardware running cognitive software. However, the emerging paradigm of embodied cognition challenges this dichotomy. By pointing to phenomena such as the tight coupling between spatial metaphors in language and motor cortex activation, embodied cognition theorists suggest that the body's physical interactions with the environment fundamentally constrain and shape cognitive architecture.
Which of the following statements accurately describe the rhetorical function of the phrase "the tight coupling between spatial metaphors in language and motor cortex activation" in the passage? Select all that apply.
- It provides an empirical observation that challenges the computationalist division between cognitive software and physical hardware.Answer
- It serves as a concrete example supporting the embodied cognition theorists' claim that bodily interactions shape cognitive architecture.Answer
- CIt conclusively proves that the classical computationalist framework is entirely obsolete.
- DIt illustrates the classical computationalist view that symbolic representations operate independently of the biological brain.
- EIt introduces a minor concession to computational theorists before advancing the primary counterargument.