Read the following passage and match each group or individual to the statement that best represents their view on the collapse of the Maya civilization.
Traditional historians have long asserted that the collapse of the Maya civilization was primarily caused by external invasions. In contrast, a recent group of environmental archaeologists argues that a prolonged, severe drought is solely responsible for the societal breakdown. While the climate data these archaeologists present is undeniably compelling, it is far more likely that the drought acted merely as a catalyst, exacerbating pre-existing internal political instabilities rather than single-handedly causing the collapse.
- Traditional historiansForeign military incursions were the primary driver of the civilization's fall.
- Environmental archaeologistsSevere climatic changes were the exclusive reason for the societal breakdown.
- The authorEnvironmental factors worsened existing systemic vulnerabilities, leading to the collapse.
Answer
Traditional historians attribute the collapse to foreign military incursions. Environmental archaeologists attribute it exclusively to severe climatic changes. The author attributes it to environmental factors worsening existing systemic vulnerabilities.
Each group's view is explicitly stated in the passage using clear signal phrases. Traditional historians 'asserted' the invasion theory; environmental archaeologists 'argue' the drought-only theory; and the author steps in with 'it is far more likely that' to present a synthesis of drought and political instability.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Identifying and distinguishing the author's specific viewpoint from the viewpoints of groups cited within the passage.