Review the four abbreviated logical arguments below. Each argument contains a flawed inference due to a missing conceptual link between its stated premise and its conclusion. Pair each argument with the specific unstated supporter assumption required to logically bridge that gap.
- Archaeology: The ceramic vessels recovered from the Oakhaven excavation contain concentrated traces of fermented maize. Therefore, the inhabitants of this ancient settlement must have operated within a highly stratified social hierarchy.The capacity to successfully produce or store fermented maize was completely exclusive to ancient societies characterized by highly stratified social hierarchies.
- Economics: The central bank’s newly adopted macroeconomic strategy prioritizes inflation suppression over achieving full employment. Consequently, this strategy will inevitably diminish the collective bargaining power of domestic labor unions.Any macroeconomic strategy that fails to prioritize full employment over competing metrics will invariably undermine the collective bargaining power of labor unions.
- Science: The theoretical model developed by the research team relies exclusively on non-linear stochastic equations. Therefore, the team's framework cannot possibly generate deterministic long-term forecasts.Any theoretical model that is capable of generating deterministic long-term forecasts must incorporate mathematical elements other than non-linear stochastic equations.
- Policy: The revised municipal zoning ordinance explicitly mandates high-density residential architecture in the downtown sector. As a result, the fundamental historical character of that sector will be irreversibly compromised.It is impossible to implement mandatory high-density residential architecture in a given sector without irreversibly compromising that sector's fundamental historical character.
Answer
Archaeology pairs with the assumption about fermented maize being exclusive to stratified societies. Economics pairs with the assumption that failing to prioritize full employment undermines bargaining power. Science pairs with the contrapositive assumption regarding deterministic forecasts and mathematical elements. Policy pairs with the assumption linking high-density architecture to irreversibly compromised historical character.
Each correct pairing provides the exact logical link missing from the abbreviated argument. A valid supporter assumption must take the distinct evidence offered in the premise and connect it explicitly to the novel term introduced in the conclusion, often using conditional logic (e.g., 'If [Premise Concept], then [Conclusion Concept]').
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Bridging Gap (Supporter) Assumptions